中医学 TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine)

中医学理论体系的形成 Origination of TCM

形成 formation

发展 development

中医学理论体系的基本特点 The basic characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory

整体观 the whole concept

辨证论治 syndrome differentiation and treatment

阴阳 Yin-yang 

阴阳的特性 the property of yin-yang

阴阳之间的相互关系 Interaction between yin and yang

阴阳对立制约 Opposition of yin and yang

阴阳互根互用 Interdependence between yin and yang

阴阳消长平衡 Wane and Wax between yin and yang

阴阳相互转化 Mutual transformation between yin and yang

阴阳学说在中医学中的应用 The applications of the theory of yin-yang in TCM

说明人体的组织结构 Explanation of the histological structure of the human body

解释人体的生理功能 Explanation of the physiology function activity of the human body

阐释病理变化 Explanation of pathogenesis

阴阳偏盛 Relative predominance of yin or yang

阳偏盛 Relative predominance of yang

阴偏盛 Relative predominance of yin

阴阳偏衰 Relative decline of yin or yang 

阳偏衰 Relative decline of yang

阴偏衰 Relative decline of yin

五行 the five elements

五行特性 the five elements property

藏象 “Zangxiang” 

五脏 five Zang-organs

六腑 six fu-organs

生理功能 the physiological functions 

气 qi

血 blood 

津液 body fluid

气的生成、运动和分类 the production ,moving and classification of qi

血的生成和运行 the production and circulation of blood

津液的生成、输布和排泄 the production and  transportation and metabolism of body fluid.

气、血、津液的功能 The physiological functions of  qi, blood and body fluid

心 The heart

主血脉 Governing blood

主神志 controlling the mind

在体合脉 governs the vessels

开窍于舌 opens into the tongue

其华在面 External manifestation on the face

肝 The liver

主疏泄 To dredge and regulate

主藏血 Storing blood

在体合筋 The liver governing the tendons

其华在爪 The external manifestation of the liver on the nails

开窍于目 The liver opening into the eyes

脾 the spleen

主运化 To govern the transportation and transformation

主统血 To command blood

主升elevating

在体合肌肉，主四肢 the spleen governing the muscles and the four limbs   

开窍于口 The spleen opening into the mouth

其华在唇 The external manifestation on the lip

肺 The lung

主气，司呼吸 Dominating qi，controlling the respiratory movement

主宣发、肃降 dispersing and descending

通调水道 The regulation of water passage

朝百脉、主治节 ‘the lung is connected with all the vessels, regulation the qi activity in the whole body

在体合皮 the lung governing the skin

其华在毛 Eexternal manifestation on the body hair

开窍于鼻 The lung opening into the nose

肾 The kidney

藏精 store essence

主水 To govern water

主纳气 To govern reception of qi

在体合骨 The kidney governing the bones

开窍于耳及二阴 The kidney opening into the ears, the external genitals and the anus

其华在发 External manifestation on the hair

胆 The gallbladder

贮藏和排泄胆汁 store and excrete the bile

胃 The stomach

受纳、腐熟水谷 receive and digest food

主通降  ‘the stomach functions to descend’,‘unobstructed condition

小肠 The small intestine

受盛化物 To receive the chime and transform

泌别清浊  To separate the lucid from the turbid

大肠 The large intestine

主传化糟粕 transmitting and excreting the waste of food

膀胱 The bladder , storing and discharging urine

气的生成 The production of qi

气的运动 The moving of qi

气的功能 The physiological functions of qi

推动作用 Propelling function

温煦作用 Warming function

防御作用  Protecting and defencive function

固摄作用  Fixating function

气化作用 Qi-transforming function

元气 primordial qi

宗气 pectoral qi

营气 nutrient-qi

卫气 defensive qi

病因 Causes of disease 

病因的概念及分类 concept, classification of causes of disease

六淫的概念 concept of six pathogenic factors

六淫致病的共同特点 the general pathogenic characters of six pathogenic factors

六淫各自的性质与致病特点 nature, pathogenic characters and main clinic manifestations of every six pathogenic factors(including wind, cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Heat /fire)

风 Wind  

其性开泄，易袭阳位 Wind tend to float, disperse, go upward attack the upper and outside parts

风性善行而数变 wind tends to move and change

风为百病之长，易夹杂其他外感之邪 Wind tends to be complicated by other pathogenic factors

寒 Cold

易伤阳气 Cold tends to impair yang

寒性凝滞 Cold tends to coagulate

寒性收引 Cold tends to contract

暑 Summer-heat

其性炎热 Summer-heat is hot

暑性升散，耗气伤津 Summer-heat tends to disperse and elevate，consume the qi and body fluid

暑多夹湿 Summer-heat often complicated by dampness

湿 Dampness

湿性重浊 dampness is heavy and turbid

湿易阻遏气机 dampness tends to block qi

湿性黏滞 dampness is sticky and stagnant

湿性趋下, 易袭阴位 dampness tends to move downward，attack the lower and inside parts

燥 Dryness

燥易伤津 Dryness consume the body fluid

燥性干涩 Dryness is xerotic and unsmooth

燥易伤肺 Dryness tends to impair the lung

火 Heat (fire)

其性炎上 Heat(fire) tends to flame up

易伤津耗气 Heat(fire) tends to consume qi and impair body fluid

易生风动血 Heat(fire) tends to produce wind and disturb blood

易致肿疡 Heat(fire) tends to cause swelling and ulceration

七情内伤的概念 The concept of internal impairment due to the seven emotions,

七情致病的特点 the pathogenic characters of the seven emotions

痰饮、瘀血的概念、形成及致病特点 The basic concept, the formation and the pathogenic characteristics of phlegm ,rheum and blood stasis

痰饮 phlegm, rheum  

瘀血 blood stasis

发病的基本原理 The pathogenesis of occurrence of disease in TCM

病机的概念 The concept of mechanism of pathological changes

病机 the mechanism of pathological changes

邪正盛衰 predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi

阴阳失调 imbalance between yin and yang

气血津液失常 disorder of qi, blood and body fluid

中医诊法 The concept of the TCM diagnostic methods

中医诊断的理论依据 the theory foundation of the TCM diagnostic methods

望神 Inspection of spirit, 望色 Inspection of complexion

望排出物 Inspection of excreta

望舌 Inspection of tongue

Existence of spirit 得神

Lack of spirit 少神

Loss of spirit  失神

False spirit 假神

Normal complexion  常色

Morbid  complexion  病色

Red colour, White colour, Yellow colour, Bluish colou, Blackish colour         

临床意义 clinical significance 

望舌的方法 Methods for inspection of tongue

问诊 inquiry

主诉 chief complaint

病史 history of present illness

问现在症 inquiry of the present symptoms

Aversion to cold and fever 恶寒发热

Cold sensation without fever 但寒不热

Fever without cold sensation 但热不寒

Alternate cold and fever 寒热往来

诊脉的部位与方法 The Regions and methods for taking pulse 

脉诊 taking pulse

正常脉象 normal pulse

Cunkou 寸口

cun 寸

guan 关

chi 尺

辨证的概念 the concept of differentiation of syndrome

表里辨证 external and internal differentiation of syndromes

表证 External syndromes

里证 internal syndromes

寒热辨证 cold and heat differentiation of syndromes

寒证 cold f syndromes

热证 heat syndromes

虚实辨证 asthenia and sthenia differentiation of Syndromes

虚证 asthenia Syndromes

实证 sthenia Syndromes

临床特点 clinical character and difference

八纲辨证 Syndromes differentiation with eight principles

气血津液辨证 syndrome differentiation with qi, blood and body fluid

治则 therapeutic principles 

治法 therapeutic methods

正治 Routine treatment 

反治 Contrary treatment

治本 treat “ben”(deal with the root cause)

治标 Treating biao(acute symptoms bring on great suffering to the patients, or threaten life or tend to transmit and change) in emergency 

扶正与祛邪 Strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors

调整阴阳 Regulation of yin and yang

三因制宜 Abidance by individuality, locality and seasons

中药 Chinese Medicinal Herbs

四气 four properties

五味 five flavors

升降浮沉 the action of lifting, lowering, floating and sinking

归经 channel tropism

毒性 toxicity

中药的配伍、用药禁忌 Contraindication and Compatibility of Chinese Medicinal Herbs

中药的剂量 Dosage of Chinese Medicinal Herbs

方剂的组成原则 The principle of the composition of prescriptions,

组成变化 the modification of the composition of a prescription

方剂的组成、用法、功效、临床应用、方解： Ingredients, administration, function,clinical application and elucidation of the prescriptions

经络the meridians

十二经脉 twelve regular meridians

十二经脉走向与交接规律 direction, joint law of the twelve channels

十二经脉循行分布规律 distributing law of the twelve channels 

十二经脉表里络属关系 exterior-interior relationship of the twelve channels 

十二经脉流注方向和次序等 flowing direction and order of the twelve channels

刺法（针法） Acupuncture techniques

进针 Needling methods (insertion methods, Needling manipulation methods)

得气arrival of Qi

针刺意外和防治处理 Management of possible accidents (emphasize 晕针fainting)

灸法 moxibustion,

腧穴概念；腧穴分类；腧穴定位方法；腧穴功效 the points (definition, classification, location method, function)

腧穴的定位、归经、基本主治功能：location, channel tropism and the basic special treatment function