Section 1: General Text
Part A. Translate the following English Passage into Chinese.
Nobody should go bankrupt when they fall sick. That is the simple, but urgent, call of Universal Health Coverage Day, which was marked across the world earlier this month. Yet despite the best efforts of governments and development agencies in recent years, many people are still left in financial ruin when a family member becomes ill.
In low and middle-income countries, almost 6% of the population is tipped or pushed further into extreme poverty because of out-of-pocket health expenses, while 400 million people globally don't even have access to basic health services. If we don't close these gaps in health coverage, the world's poor --- especially women, children and adolescents --- will be left behind.
The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship. This requires strong, efficient, well-run health systems. But more importantly, it requires ensuring equity in access, prioritizing women, children and adolescents in national programs.
A number of countries have already successfully embraced reforms to make quality care universally available. More than 100 low- and mid-income countries have enacted such reforms.
The United Nations also recognizes the importance of universal health coverage. A key component of the UN Secretary-General's Every Woman Every Child movement, and its updated Global Strategy, involves making healthcare systems more accessible, stronger and resilient.
Access to quality health services and to safe, effective and affordable medicines and vaccines are key in achieving progress. We must do even more to maintain the progress achieved and address emerging needs.
Part B. Translate the following Chinese Passage into English.
养老产业，以高龄者为对象，以满足高层次生活、文化需求为目标，为老年人提供商品和服务。它涉及医疗卫生、休闲保健、托管养老、家政服务、文化娱乐、信息咨询等多方面的服务需求。它对上、下游产业具有带动效应。
2015年2月，民政部等多部委联合发布《关于鼓励民间资本参与养老服务业发展的实施意见》，就推进医养融合、税费优惠、人才保障、用地保障等方面制订了相关规定和政策，鼓励民间资本参与居家和社区养老服务、机构养老服务、养老产业发展。
Section 2: Specialized Text
In both Part A and Part B, please translate the passage in accordance with the field you registered for the test of UNLPP, or your efforts will be in vain.
Part A. Translate the following English Passage into Chinese.
Politics and Law
The President shall call upon representatives in the order in which they signify their desire to speak. The Security Council may appoint a commission or committee or a rapporteur for a specified question. The President may accord precedence to any rapporteur appointed by the Security Council. The Chairman of a commission or committee, or the rapporteur appointed by the commission or committee to present its report, may be accorded precedence for the purpose of explaining the report. If a representative raises a point of order, the President shall immediately state his ruling. If it is challenged, the President shall submit his ruling to the Security Council for immediate decision and it shall stand unless overruled. Proposed resolutions, amendments and substantive motions shall normally be placed before the representatives in writing. Principal motions and draft resolutions shall have precedence in the order of their submission. Parts of a motion or of a draft resolution shall be voted on separately at the request of any representative, unless the original mover objects. It shall not be necessary for any motion or draft resolution proposed by a representative on the Security Council to be seconded before being put to a vote. A motion or draft resolution can at any time be withdrawn so long as no vote has been taken with respect to it. If the motion or draft resolution has been seconded, the representative on the Security Council who has seconded it may require that it be put to the vote as his motion or draft resolution with the same right of precedence as if the original mover had not withdrawn it. If two or more amendments to a motion or draft resolution are proposed, the President shall rule on the order in which they are to be voted upon. Ordinarily, the Security Council shall first vote on the amendment furthest removed in substance from the original proposal and then on the amendment next furthest removed until all amendments have been put to the vote, but when an amendment adds to or deletes from the text of a motion or draft resolution, that amendment shall be voted on first.
Economics and Finance
Intermediate goods exports have accounted for about 70 percent of the annual export growth in Asia over the last decade—more than double the contribution of capital and consumer goods together. This has been particularly the case for the ASEAN-5, the Newly Industrialized Economies, and Japan. Exports of intermediate goods have been particularly strong to other Asian economies, whereas consumer goods and intermediate goods have contributed roughly equally to the increase of exports outside Asia. As a result, intra-regional exports are more intensive in intermediate goods than are other exports.
Asian economies increasingly have formed a supply network, with China taking the role of an assembly hub for final goods exports, notably consumer goods. In this “triangular trading pattern”, direct export competition has been accompanied by trade partnerships. For Asia, excluding China, the share of intermediate goods exports to China in total exports has doubled over the last decade, whereas the share of direct consumer goods exports to the United States and euro area has steadily declined. A corollary of this development is the ongoing shift of market share in leading export markets toward China. For instance, while Asia’s share in U.S. consumer goods imports has remained stable over the last two decades at about 40 percent, China’s share has risen nearly threefold, from 9 percent to more than 25 percent, whereas shares of other Asian exporters, particularly Japan and the ASEAN-4 among emerging Asian economies, have declined.
As a result, competition in intermediate goods markets has become more important for Asian economies’ overall exports than competition at the final goods level. To assess the intensity of competition in a simple way, we use an export similarity index. The closer that index is to 100, the more similar is the export structure between two Asian economies and thus the higher is the degree of potential competition between them. The results suggest, as one might expect, that the degree of export competition is generally higher for countries at comparable levels of development. This holds across all major product categories, that is, consumer, capital, and intermediate goods exports.
Science and Technology
THE INTEREST in nanostructures is so great that every plausible fabrication technique is being examined. Although physicists and chemists are now doing most of the work, biologists may also make important contributions. The cell (whether mammalian or bacterial) is relatively large on the scale of nanostructures: the typical bacterium is approximately 1,000 nanometers long, and mammalian cells are larger. Cells are, however, filled with much smaller structures, many of which are astonishingly sophisticated. The ribosome, for example, carries out one of the most important cellular functions: the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, using messenger RNA as the template. The complexity of this molecular construction project far surpasses that of man-made techniques. Or consider the rotary motors of the bacterial flagella, which efficiently propel the one-celled organisms.
It is unclear if “nanomachines” taken from cells will be useful. They will probably have very limited application in electronics, but they may provide valuable tools for chemical synthesis and sensing devices. Recent work by Carlo D. Montemagno of Cornell University has shown that it is possible to engineer a primitive nanomachine with a biological engine. Montemagno extracted a rotary motor protein from a bacterial cell and connected it to a metallic nanorod—a cylinder 750 nanometers long and 150 nanometers wide that had been fabricated by lithography. The rotary motor, which was only 11 nanometers tall, was powered by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the source of chemical energy in cells. Montemagno showed that the motor could rotate the nanorod at eight revolutions per minute. At the very least, such research stimulates efforts to fabricate functional nanostructures by demonstrating that such structures can exist.
The development of nanotechnology will depend on the availability of nanostructures. The invention of the STM and AFM has provided new tools for viewing, characterizing and manipulating these structures; the issue now is how to build them to order and how to design them to have new and useful functions. The importance of electronics applications has tended to focus attention on nanodevices that might be incorporated into future integrated circuits.
Part B. Translate the following Chinese Passage into English.
Politics and Law
建设法治中国，必须坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进。深化司法体制改革，加快建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度，维护人民权益，让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都感受到公平正义。建立科学的法治建设指标体系和考核标准。健全法规、规章、规范性文件备案审查制度。健全社会普法教育机制，增强全民法治观念。逐步增加有地方立法权的较大的市数量。改革司法管理体制，推动省以下地方法院、检察院人财物统一管理，探索建立与行政区划适当分离的司法管辖制度，保证国家法律统一正确实施。建立符合职业特点的司法人员管理制度，健全法官、检察官、人民警察统一招录、有序交流、逐级遴选机制。推进审判公开、检务公开，录制并保留全程庭审资料。增强法律文书说理性，推动公开法院生效裁判文书。广泛实行人民陪审员、人民监督员制度，拓宽人民群众有序参与司法渠道。
Economics and Finance
小额贷款公司是由个人、企业与其他组织投资设立，不吸收公众存款，经营小额贷款业务的有限责任公司或股份有限公司。其主要资金来源为股东缴纳的资本金、捐赠资金，以及来自不超过两个银行业金融机构的融入资金。它们可以从银行业金融机构融入资金,但融入资金的余额不得超过资本净额的50%。小额贷款公司的业务范围受到了严格的限制,坚持为农民、农业和农村经济发展服务,并鼓励其面向农户和微型企业提供信贷服务。为了控制其风险,监管要求它对同一借款人的贷款余额不得超过其资本净额的5%。同时,其贷款利率同样受人民银行利率政策的约束。虽然小额贷款公司不能吸收存款、不能办理支付和清算等服务，不属于银行业的范畴，但它是中国向民间资本更大规模地开放金融的重要举措。短短数年间，小额贷款公司得到了迅猛发展，对促进中国金融业的竞争有着积极效果。
Science and Technology
科技术语在流行一时，为人所弃后，往往不会再度流行，但“固态”一词是个例外。回想几十年前，这个词几乎是“现代”的同义词。那时，“固态”电视机和收音机抛弃容易发热、体积庞大且毫不可靠的真空管，代之以晶体管。
眼下，“固态”一词重新流行，用于电脑存储领域。“固态”一词用来描述无需通过转动来读写信息，而是将信息存在闪存上的硬盘。
闪存早已问世。这种电脑芯片类似电脑内存所用的芯片，但断电之后，闪存所储存的信息不会丢失。闪存一直用于拇指大小的U盘以及苹果iPod Nano音乐播放器中。
闪存的最新变化，是其成本低至能够用来制造固态硬盘，以取代传统硬盘。
固态硬盘的架构和连接方式与普通硬盘相同。只须拆卸原有硬盘，插上固态硬盘即可。电脑识别也无问题，而且固态硬盘更轻便、更节能、噪音也更小。此外，由于没有移动部件，固态硬盘还更为稳定可靠。
Engineering
Restoration works
Construction may affect some municipal services like roads, household water pipes, gas pipes, main gas pipes, electrical poles, power lines, and many other contactable objects. Restore the affected property and objects under the guide of the Engineer and as per the regulation.
Pipe flushing and disinfection
After passing water pressure test, flush the water supply pipe based on the possible max pressure and flow until the water color and transparency of the outlet are identical to those of the inlet. After flushing, soap (disinfect) the inner pipe with clean water whose chloride ion concentration is no less than 20mg/L, and flush the pipe again 24h later until the sampled water is qualified in test.
Earth excavation
⑴ Construction setting-out
Conduct twice closing verification on at least two permanent elevation points provided by the Employer, then densify the temporary leveling point based on the permanent elevation according to requirements of the specification.
Carry out construction setting-out measurement and determine the pipe midlines as well as standard datum point as the control point of the whole project. Closing must be performed for each measurement and closing error shall be under strict control.
⑵ Site clearing
The clearing of right-of-way roads and borrow pit areas, sand clay land foundation pit, side ditch and marked areas on the drawing. Remove and dispose all protruding objects such as trees, stumps and roots as well as buildings, structures, appendants, existing flexible asphalt pavement and other facilities to make room for excavation. Remove and dispose all products and debris that is in no need of withdraw or utilization.
⑶ Groove excavation
Investigate underground pipeline conditions before groove excavation. Combine with manual excavation survey and make clear marks upon finding the pipelines to protect underground pipelines.
In general, the groove excavation depth is 2m or so, and the width is +600mm, which is the outer pipe diameter. The excavation is performed by excavator with manual support in the method of section excavation. The groove excavation earth shall be placed outside the groove for the purpose of backfilling.
Part B. Translate the following Chinese Passage into English.
基础处理
基础开挖后，清理岩面上的松动岩块，清除有碍物，按照施工图纸要求修整坝基表面的坡度。
岸坡和坝体填筑部位的全部基础处理工作，包括地质勘探、断层处理等，须按照施工图纸要求施工完毕。
在坝基最终开挖线以下的所有勘探坑槽和平洞，均按施工图纸要求回填密实，对趾板区的勘探钻孔予以封堵。
在坝体填筑前清除土基基础表面的松软土层或按监理批准的施工方法进行压实或换基处理。受积水侵蚀软化的土壤予以清除。
在基础处理结束后，检查验收建基面的开挖平面尺寸、标高、平整度、软弱夹层和破碎带的清理质量。坝体填筑前对基础进行清理验收，全部基础处理自检合格后向监理人报送请验资料。全部坝基处理验收合格后，才能开始坝体填筑。
坝基中布置有观测设备时，在观测设备埋设完毕，并经验收合格后，才能开始坝体填筑，填筑过程中注意保护观测设施。
