陆慷
问：美国候任国务卿蒂勒森出席参议院提名听证会时发表了一些对华比较强硬的言论。蒂勒森表示，中国在与日本存在领土争议的东海设立防空识别区是非法的；中国在南海修建岛礁并部署武器的做法与俄罗斯“吞并”克里米亚相似；美必须向中国传递明确信号，中国必须停止在南海的岛礁建设，也不应靠近这些岛屿。你对此有何评论？
答：我们注意到有关报道。你实际上问了好几个问题，我一一答复：
关于东海和钓鱼岛问题，你很清楚我们的立场。钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿自古以来就是中国的固有领土。美方和日方一些人不时提到的所谓《美日安保条约》是冷战时期的产物，不得损害中国领土主权和正当权益。美方应当秉持公正、客观的立场，恪守自身所作的有关承诺，停止在主权问题上选边站队的言论，以免使有关问题复杂化，并给地区局势带来更复杂的因素。
关于南海相关的问题，我昨天已经回答过类似提问了。就像美方一样，中方也完全有权在自己的领土上从事自身主权范围内的任何正常活动，这无可非议。昨天我已经说过了，现在中国和南海周边有关国家都支持通过“双轨”思路解决南海问题，即中国同有关直接当事方通过磋商谈判和平解决争议，同时，中国同东盟国家共同维护本地区的和平与稳定。现在本地区国家已经重回这一共识，南海问题也已经降温。我们希望域外国家能尊重符合本地区和世界共同利益的这一共识。
蒂勒森先生在参议院提名听证会上所作表态，我倒是同意他所讲的一个观点。他说，中美之间有一些分歧，同时也有很多共同利益和共识。他的结论是，我们要看到中美关系的积极面，不应让其他问题上的分歧阻碍有助于两国建设性伙伴关系的合作。这点我们是赞成的。
Q: Incoming US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson made some strongly worded remarks about China in his Senate confirmation hearing. He called China's declaration of an Air Defence Identification Zone in waters of the East China Sea it contests with Japan illegal actions, and compared China's building of islands and putting of military assets on those islands to Russia's taking of Crimea from Ukraine. He said that the US should send China a clear signal that the island-building must stop and China's access to those islands not be allowed. What is your comment on that?
A: We have noted the relevant report. You asked several questions in one breath. I will take them one by one.
You know well our position on the East China Sea and Diaoyu Dao. Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands have been an inherent part of the Chinese territory since ancient times. The US-Japan Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security often brought up by some people from the US and Japan is a Cold War product. It must not undermine China's territorial sovereignty and legitimate rights and interests. We hope that the US would be upright and unbiased, honor its commitment and stop taking sides on issues of sovereignty, so as not to make the relevant issue more complicated and add complex factors to the situation in the region.
I took questions about the issue of the South China Sea yesterday. Like the US, the Chinese side has full right to conduct any kind of normal activities on its own territory within its sovereignty. It is above reproach. As I said yesterday, China and other coastal states in the South China Sea have worked out a dual-track approach, namely, China and other countries directly concerned peacefully resolve disputes through consultation and negotiation, while China and ASEAN countries jointly maintain peace and stability of the region. The situation in the South China Sea has cooled down as countries in the region have come round to the agreement. We hope that countries outside the region will respect such an agreement that serves the common interests of the region and beyond.
I do agree with Mr. Tillerson at one point where he recognized disagreements but also intertwined interests and consensus between China and the US. He said that "we need to see the positive dimensions in our relationship with China", and "we should not let disagreements over other issues exclude areas for productive partnership". I do agree with him on that.
问：昨天，美国当选总统特朗普举行当选后首场记者会，几次提到了中国，包括中国对美国的2200万账户进行了攻击，美在对华贸易上存在数千亿美元逆差，中国在南海建设大量“堡垒”，他上任后中俄等很多国家会比以往更尊重美国。你对此有何回应？
答：你数过他几次提到了中国吗？（CNN记者：“没有，但应该有几次吧。”）
我们注意到特朗普当选总统在记者会上讲到，他希望上任后其他国家会比以往更尊重美国。事实上，如果你看一看中国政府对发展中美关系的一贯主张，恰恰我们就是主张所有国家、包括中美之间应该相互尊重，我们现在所倡导的关于共建中美新型大国关系的共识也是主张：第一，不冲突不对抗；第二，相互尊重；第三，合作共赢。习近平主席与特朗普当选总统通话后，特朗普当选总统团队发的消息稿里面也提到中美之间应该相互尊重。我们认为这一点是对的，两个国家应该在相互尊重的基础上进一步发展关系。
关于你提到特朗普先生谈及的其他一些问题，有的我已经讲过中方的立场了。关于两个新的问题：一是所谓网络攻击问题。中国政府一贯反对并依法打击任何形式的网络攻击行动，我们致力于同各国开展合作，共同维护网络空间安全。中美两国通过打击网络犯罪及相关事项高级别联合对话机制，就打击网络犯罪、维护网络安全问题开展了有效的沟通与合作。我们认为双方应当保持这个积极势头，而不是进行毫无根据的指责。二是中美经贸问题。外交部和商务部已经多次回答这个问题。其实，从逻辑上大家就能看出来，中美经贸关系发展将近40年来，如果不是给双方都带来好处、而是只给一方带来好处，那么不可能取得这么大的成就。对美国商界来说，如果没有很好的回报，他们也不可能持续地对中国进行投资和开展商业往来。
Q: Yesterday, US President-elect Donald Trump held his first press conference after being elected, making reference to China multiple times. He talked about 22 million US accounts being hacked by China, hundreds of billions of dollars of losses on a yearly basis with China on trade, as well as China's building of massive fortress in the South China Sea. He also said that when he is leading the US, countries like China and Russia will have far greater respect for the US. What is your response to that?
A: Did you count how many times he mentioned China? (CNN journalist: No, but several times, I believe.)
We have noted President-elect Trump's wish for more respect from other countries for the US when he is in office. In fact, if you take a look at China's long-standing position on developing China-US relations, you will see that mutual respect is what we have been calling for in bilateral relations with other countries, the US included. The consensus we uphold on developing a new type of major-country relationship with the US also highlights non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. The news release about President Xi Jinping' phone call with President-elect Trump issued by the Trump team also mentioned mutual respect between China and the US. It is true that further progress of a bilateral relationship should be based on mutual respect.
As for other issues touched upon by Mr. Trump, since I have elaborated on China's position on the South China Sea, I will go straight to the issue of cyberattack. The Chinese government opposes and cracks down on all forms of hacking activities. We stay committed to maintaining a safe cyberspace through cooperation with other countries. China and the US have conducted effective communication and cooperation on fighting cybercrimes and protecting cybersecurity through China-US High-Level Joint Dialogue on Cybercrime and Related Issues. We should work side by side to maintain the momentum, instead of making unfounded accusation against each other. On the issue of trade between China and the US, both the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Commerce have answered that question multiple times. The logic is obvious. Remarkable performance of the China-US business relationship over the past nearly 40 years would not have been possible if it had created benefit for one side only. Should there be no gains, how could the US business community continue with its investment in and trade with China?
问：蒂勒森在参议院提名听证会上讲到了南海各方的对错问题，表示美方将采取措施对地区施加影响，向中方发出明确信号，包括停止岛礁建设以及阻止中方靠近岛礁。他没有解释“阻止靠近”是什么意思，但可以推测这可能指的是美国海、空军将阻止中方靠近有关岛礁。中方对此有何回应？如美方实施威胁行动，中方将如何反制？
答：我不会去猜测蒂勒森先生具体想的是什么，也不会根据你对他的话所作的一些猜测来预断中方的政策。但是我相信你非常清楚中方在南海问题上的立场。
Q: Apart from who is right or wrong on the issue of the South China Sea, Mr. Tillerson also told the Senate what the US might do to inflict its will on the area. He said that the US should send China a clear signal that "first the island-building stops and second your access to those islands is also not going to be allowed". He didn't explain what he meant by stopping this access but presumably it means the US air force or the US Navy stopping Chinese access to the features in the South China Sea. How does China respond to this suggestion? What would China do if he will make good on his threat?
A: I cannot speak for Mr. Tillerson as for what he is thinking, neither can I predict China's policy based on what you interpreted from his remarks. And I think you must be quite clear about China's stance on the South China Sea issue.
问：近期，尼日利亚政府采取了强制措施摘除台湾驻尼机构标牌并要其迁出首都。1月11日，王毅外长访问尼日利亚期间，两国外长签署了关于坚持一个中国原则的联合声明，尼方重申坚持一个中国政策。中方对此有何进一步评论？
答：正如你所说，近日，尼日利亚政府就台湾地区驻尼机构存在的违背一个中国原则问题作出政治决断并采取一系列果断措施，包括严令台湾地区驻尼日利亚机构摘牌更名、迁出首都、削权减人，并严格禁止尼政府官员和机构同台湾发生任何官方性质往来，彻底解决了这一影响中国和尼日利亚政治互信的历史遗留问题，排除了干扰两国关系健康发展的政治障碍。
在昨天中尼两国外长签署的联合声明中，尼日利亚政府重申一个中国政策是两国战略伙伴关系的核心，承认世界上只有一个中国，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，明确承诺将不会同台湾地区发生任何官方关系、不进行任何官方往来，并强调支持中国为维护国家统一所作的一切努力。中方高度肯定和赞赏尼方坚持一个中国原则。这也再次证明，坚持一个中国原则是人心所向、大势所趋。
Q: The Nigerian government has recently closed Taiwan office in Nigeria and asked Taipei to move its office from Abuja, the capital city. During Foreign Minister Wang Yi's visit to Nigeria on January 11, foreign ministers of the two countries signed a joint statement on upholding the one-China policy, in which the Nigerian side reaffirmed its commitment to the one-China policy. Do you have any further comment on that?
A: As you said, the Nigerian government has recently made a political decision and taken a series of decisive measures against Taiwan office's violation of the one-China principle. It ordered Taiwan to rename its office, remove it from the capital, reduce its staff and have it disempowered. Nigerian government officials and institutions are also forbidden from having official contact with Taiwan. All these measures help settle the legacy issue that bears on the political mutual trust between China and Nigeria once and for all, and remove the stumbling blocks obstructing the sound development of bilateral relations.
In the joint statement signed by foreign ministers of China and Nigeria yesterday, the Nigerian government reaffirmed that the one-China policy is at the core of the bilateral strategic partnership, recognized that there is but one China in the world and the government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing China, while Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, promised not to have official relationship or official contact with Taiwan and underscored its support for China's reunification efforts. The Chinese side highly commends Nigeria's adherence to the one-China principle. It proves once again that the one-China principle meets the trend of the times and the shared aspiration of the people.
问：有评论称，这是继中国同圣普复交后大陆打压台湾“国际空间”的又一举措。你对此有何评价？
答：世界上只有一个中国，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。圣多美和普林西比、尼日利亚等国基于一个中国原则作出了正确的政治决断，为增进中国同有关国家政治互信、互利合作和人民福祉提供了坚实的政治基础，开辟了更加广阔的前景。这符合有关国家人民的根本利益，也符合联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，更符合国际社会早已形成的一个中国共识和世界大势。
Q: Commentary said that it is another action taken by the mainland to limit Taiwan's international activities following its restoration of diplomatic ties with Sao Tome and Principe. Is that true?
A: There is but one China in the world and the government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing China. Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. Based on the one-China principle, countries like Sao Tome and Principe and Nigeria have come to a right political decision which lays a solid foundation and broadens the horizon for their political mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation with China as well as people's well-being. It serves the fundamental interests of people of relevant countries, complies with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and conforms to the international community's consensus and the trend of the times.
问：台湾方面表示，台湾和尼日利亚从未建立“外交关系”。中方与尼方宣布基于一个中国原则终止尼台“外交关系”旨在混淆国际视听，台湾对此表示“严正抗议”。中方对此有何回应？中方是否希望其他国家效仿尼日利亚要求台湾有关机构“摘牌更名”？
答：第一个问题，关于台湾方面有关反应，建议你向国台办去询问，这不是外交问题。
第二个问题，坚持一个中国原则是中国发展同世界上所有国家关系的一个重要政治前提。如果有任何不符合这一原则的情况，当然应立刻作出毫无保留的纠正。
Q: Taiwan said that it had never established "diplomatic ties" with Nigeria. China and Nigeria were misleading the international community by announcing the termination of "diplomatic relations" between Nigeria and Taiwan. Taiwan is in solemn protest against that. What is your response to that? Does China expect to see more countries joining Nigeria in requesting the closure of Taiwan offices in their countries?
A: On your first question, I would point you to the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council for comments on Taiwan's response. It is not about foreign affairs.
On your second question, adherence to the one-China principle is an important political prerequisite for the development of relations between China and the rest of the world. China will point out with the slightest hesitation any violation of the principle.
问：第一个问题，你刚才说南海局势已经降温，那么你是否认为蒂勒森先生有关表态意在挑起事端？第二个问题，如果美方阻止中方靠近岛礁，这是否合法？
答：关于第一个问题，保持南海和平稳定，妥善管控分歧，致力于共同发展，这符合本地区所有国家共同利益，也是本地区国家的共同愿望。域外国家应当尊重本地区国家的共同利益和共同愿望，对此我们的态度是非常明确的。
关于第二个问题，我多次讲过，我们不回答任何假设性问题。
Q: You mentioned earlier that you felt the situation in the South China Sea had cooled down. I wonder if you see Mr. Tillerson's comments as an effort to heat things back up. Secondly, would it be legal for the US to physically block China from accessing islands in the South China Sea?
A: On your first question, it serves the common interests and meets the shared aspiration of countries in the region to maintain peace and stability of the South China Sea, properly manage differences and work for common development. Outsiders should respect that. We cannot be any clearer on that.
On your second question, I have said before that we do not take hypothetical questions.
问：越共中央总书记阮富仲今天开始访华。请介绍此访日程安排。你如何看待此访的意义？
答：中联部已经发布了有关消息。越共中央总书记阮富仲同志从今天开始对中国进行正式访问，中国党和政府领导人将同他进行友好的会谈会见。阮富仲同志在越共十二大连任总书记后首次访华，中方对此高度重视。中越两国都是社会主义国家，也是友好邻国。当前双方正共同致力于推进两国友好合作关系深入发展。我们希望此访能为中越关系进一步发展、为中越两党两国友好合作增添新的动力。
Q: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyen Phu Trong starts his visit to China today. Please give us more details about his visit. How does China look at this visit?
A: The International Department of the CPC Central Committee has made announcements about this visit. General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyen Phu Trong began his official visit to China today. The leaders of the CPC and the Chinese government will hold friendly meetings and talks with him. This is the first visit to China by Comrade Nguyen Phu Trong after his reelection as General Secretary of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and the Chinese side attaches great importance to it. China and Vietnam are both socialist countries and friendly neighbors, and the two sides stay committed to jointly advancing their friendly cooperative relations in a deeper way. We hope this visit will inject new impetus to the further development of China-Vietnam relations and the friendly cooperation between the two parties and countries.
问：你刚才表示，中方与美国当选总统特朗普在发展两国关系上有共同点，实际情况果真如此吗？
答：刚才我在答问时讲到，蒂勒森先生在参议院听证会上表示，中美之间有一些分歧，同时也有很多共同利益和共识。他主张要看到中美关系的积极面，不应让其他问题上的分歧阻碍有助于两国建设性伙伴关系的合作。对这个观点，我们是赞成的。
特朗普先生当选美国总统后与习近平主席通了电话。他的团队发布消息时表示，特朗普先生希望同中方在相互尊重的基础上发展两国关系，这一点我们也是赞成的。我们一直主张中美构建基于不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的新型大国关系。
Q: You just mentioned that the Chinese side and Mr. Trump share certain commonality in developing China-US relations, is that true?
A: In my answers to previous questions, I mentioned the point made by Mr. Tillerson in his Senate hearing. He said that China and the US have some differences but also share a lot of common interests and consensus, and we should see the positive dimensions in our relationship rather than let disagreements over other issues exclude areas for productive partnership. This is something we agree.
Mr. Trump made a phone call with President Xi Jinping after his election. His team said in the news release that Mr. Trump hopes to develop relations with China on the basis of mutual respect, which we also agree. We always maintain that the new type of major-country relationship between China and the US should be based on non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation.
问：中方是否就蒂勒森先生有关表态同美国政府或特朗普团队进行过正式或非正式的沟通？
答：我们已多次说过，美国大选后，中方与特朗普当选总统团队保持着密切沟通，其中当然包括就政策问题、特别是涉及中美关系的政策问题保持沟通。
问：蒂勒森先生在参议院听证会上提到，美国通过“与台湾关系法”和“六项保证”，对台湾许下重要承诺，美国必须不断重申并履行有关承诺。同时他也表示，美国无意改变坚持一个中国政策的立场。中方对他这种带有两面性的表态有何看法？
答：你是不是也觉得这是矛盾的？（记者点头）
我同意你的观点，这确实有矛盾。美国所谓的“与台湾关系法”和所谓的“六项保证”，严重违反美方自身基于中美三个联合公报作出的一个中国承诺。
Q: Has the Chinese government had any formal or informal communication with either the US government or the Trump team following Tillerson's comments?
A: We have said time and again that the Chinese side has maintained close communication with President-elect Trump's team after the election. This indeed includes communication on policy issues, especially those concerning China-US relations.
Q: In his Senate hearing, Mr. Tillerson talked about the US commitments to Taiwan under the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Issues Accord, saying that the US needs to reaffirm and live up to those commitments. But he also said the US has no plans to alter its one-China policy. What is China's view on his two-sided remarks?
A: Do you also think this is contradictory? (The journalist nodded.)
I agree with you, and this is indeed contradictory. The so-called Taiwan Relations Act and "the Six Assurances" of the US are in serious violation of the US commitment to the one-China policy it made on the basis of the three China-US joint communiqués.
问：你刚才说，中方与特朗普团队持续保持沟通。中方是否就蒂勒森先生有关表态与特朗普团队进行过沟通？
答：自美国大选后，特朗普当选总统和他的团队不断发布政策宣示和表态。我不可能对双方每一次接触的情况在此作出评论。
Q: You mentioned that there is ongoing contact with the Trump team, but are you able to confirm whether there has been contact specifically regarding Tillerson's comments?
A: President-elect Trump and his team have been making policy announcements and remarks ever after the US presidential election. It is impossible for me to comment on each and every engagement between the two sides.
