翻译天堂 2016-09-20
第71届联合国大会中方立场文件节选
Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China at the 71st Session of the United Nations General Assembly
四、信息和网络安全
IV. Information and Cyber Security
网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，网络空间前途命运应由世界各国共同掌握。各国应该加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体。
Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communication, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace.
中方主张，应确保信息和通信技术用于促进经济社会发展及国际和平与稳定，树立共同安全理念，反对网络监听、网络攻击和网络军备竞赛。应尊重各国自主选择网络发展道路、网络管理模式、互联网公共政策和平等参与国际网络空间治理的权利，反对网络霸权和利用网络干涉他国内政。应秉持互利共赢理念，加大对发展中国家援助，弥合数字鸿沟。国际社会应在相互尊重、相互信任的基础上，加强对话合作，在联合国框架下制定各方普遍接受的网络空间国际规则，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系。
China maintains that it is necessary to ensure that information and communications technologies are used for the purpose of advancing economic and social development and promoting international peace and stability, establish a sense of common security and oppose cyber surveillance, cyber attack and cyber arms race. It is important to respect the right of countries to independently choose their own path of cyber development, model of cyber regulation and Internet public policies, and participate in international cyberspace governance on an equal footing. No country should pursue cyber hegemony or use the Internet to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs. Countries should uphold the idea of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation and narrow the “digital divide” by scaling up assistance to developing countries. The international community should enhance dialogue and cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and trust, formulate international cyberspace rules acceptable to all parties under the UN framework, work together to foster a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace, and establish a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.
五、难民和移民问题
V. Refugee and Migrant Issue
当前，全球难民和流离失所者人数创历史新高，移民规模不断扩大，加强难民和移民问题的治理刻不容缓。
The number of refugees and displaced people around the world has hit a record high, and the size of refugees has been constantly expanding. It is urgent to strengthen efforts to address the issue of refugees and migrants.
中方主张难民问题要标本兼治，既要加大对难民的人道主义关怀，保障难民的生存与安全，更要注重治本，消除战争、武装冲突、贫困、发展失衡等难民问题产生的根源。
China holds that both the symptoms and root causes should be addressed in tackling the refugee issue. It is necessary to provide more humanitarian care to refugees and ensure their life and security. And more importantly, it is necessary to focus more on eradicating the root causes of the issue, including wars, armed conflicts, poverty and unbalanced development.
中方主张各国应本着相互尊重、平等互利的原则，在便利人员往来、保障移民合法权益、减少非法移民、打击人口贩卖等领域加强合作，共同促进健康、有序的人口流动。
China maintains that countries should follow the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and enhance cooperation in facilitating people-to-people exchanges, safeguarding legitimate rights and interests of migrants, reducing the number of illegal migrants and combating human trafficking to promote sound and orderly movement of people.
七、发展问题
VII. Development Issues
（一）2030年可持续发展议程
1. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
2030年可持续发展议程为未来15年各国发展和国际发展合作指明了方向。各国应结合本国国情落实可持续发展议程，对接国内发展战略，平衡推进经济、社会、环境三大领域工作，优先解决民生问题，促进包容性经济增长和社会进步。国际社会要努力优化发展伙伴关系，以“共同但有区别的责任”原则为指导，坚持南北合作的主渠道地位，继续深化南南合作和三方合作，坚定支持联合国在落实进程中发挥统筹协调作用。
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has charted the course for the development of all countries and international development cooperation in the next 15 years. All countries should implement the sustainable development agenda in line with their national conditions, align the 2030 Agenda with domestic development strategies, advance work in three major areas of economy, society and environment in a balanced way, prioritize people’s livelihood issue, and promote inclusive economic growth and social progress. The international community should make efforts to improve development partnership, take the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” as the guide, keep to the main channel of North-South cooperation, continuously deepen South-South cooperation and tripartite cooperation, and firmly support the UN in playing its coordinating role in the implementation process.
中国已经全面启动落实2030年可持续发展议程，将发布《中国落实2030年可持续发展议程国别方案》，分享中国发展理念和经验。作为今年二十国集团主席国，中国推动二十国集团制定《落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划》，将为全球落实进程注入强劲动力。
China has launched all-round implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and will promulgate its Country Program on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to share its development vision and experience with other countries. As the current president of the G20, China is pushing for the formulation of the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to inject strong impetus to the global implementation process.
（二）气候变化
2. Climate Change
中方欢迎2015年底《联合国气候变化框架公约》第21次缔约方会议达成的《巴黎协定》。中方将坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则、公平原则和各自能力原则，与各方保持密切沟通与合作，共同推动《巴黎协定》的生效和实施，推进《巴黎协定》后续谈判，促进国际应对气候变化事业向前发展。
China welcomes the adoption of the Paris Agreement at the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the end of 2015. Keeping to the principles of “common but differentiated responsibilities”, equity and respective capabilities, China will maintain close communication and cooperation with all parties to ensure the entry into force and implementation of the Paris Agreement, advance the follow-up negotiations of the Paris Agreement, and galvanize global action on climate change.
中方呼吁发达国家利用绿色气候基金等平台，制定清晰的实施路线图，落实到2020年每年动员1000亿美元的承诺，并在2020年后向发展中国家提供更强有力的资金支持。中方也将继续推动气候变化南南合作，在适应气候变化、能力建设等方面为其他发展中国家提供力所能及的帮助和支持。
China calls on developed countries to make use of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and other platforms, establish clear roadmaps for implementation, honor their commitment of mobilizing US$100 billion per year by 2020, and provide more robust financial support for developing countries after 2020. China will continue to advance South-South cooperation on climate change, and provide adaptation, capacity building and other assistance and support within its ability to other developing countries.
（三）粮食安全
3. Food Security
粮食安全事关人类生存之本，消除饥饿和实现粮食安全需要各国付出艰苦努力。各国要将解决好粮农问题作为本国发展的核心任务之一，增加农业投资，扩大粮食生产，提高农业现代化水平。国际社会应建立公平合理、持续稳定的农业贸易秩序，减少贸易保护主义措施，抑制过度投机，共同落实好2030年可持续发展议程粮农领域目标。中国高度重视农业和农村可持续发展，始终坚持立足自身解决口粮问题。中方愿同各国一道努力，共同创造一个零饥饿的世界。
Food security bears on mankind’s survival. To eradicate hunger and achieve food security require arduous efforts of all countries. Countries should make agricultural and rural development one of the core missions of national development, increase investment in agriculture, raise agricultural productivity and enhance agricultural modernization. The international community should establish a fair, equitable, sustained and stable agricultural trade order, reduce trade protectionist measures, curb excessive speculation, and jointly implement the goals on food and agriculture in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China attaches great importance to sustainable agricultural and rural development. China has always managed to ensure basic food supply by relying on domestic production. China stands ready to work with all countries to build a world of Zero Hunger.
（四）发展筹资
4. Financing for Development
发展筹资是推进国际发展合作、落实2030年可持续发展议程的有力保障。国际社会应正视全球发展资金长期不足的状况，采取务实行动，共同构建开放型世界经济，促进全球贸易投资自由化便利化，帮助发展中国家更好融入全球产业链和价值链，实现经济增长，改善民生。各国要认真执行《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》，发达国家应切实履行官方发展援助承诺，从资金、技术、能力建设等各方面为发展中国家提供帮助。中国将继续积极参与南南合作，落实好南南合作援助基金、中国—联合国和平与发展基金、减免有关发展中国家债务等务实举措，推动各国共同发展。
Financing for development provides strong support for advancing global development cooperation and implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The international community should face squarely the long-term deficiency of global development capital, take concrete actions to build an open world economy, and promote liberalization and facilitation of global trade and investment to help developing countries better integrate into global industrial chain and value chain, achieve economic growth and improve people’s livelihood. All countries should earnestly implement theAddis Ababa Action Agenda. Developed countries should deliver on their ODA commitments, and provide assistance to developing countries in terms of capital, technology, capacity building and other areas. China will continue to actively take part in South-South cooperation, ensure the implementation of such practical measures as the Assistance Fund for South-South Cooperation, China-UN Peace and Development Fund, and debt write-off for relevant developing countries, and promote the common development of all countries.
八、军控、裁军与防扩散
VIII. Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
（一）核问题
1. Nuclear Issues
中方一贯主张并积极倡导全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。中国坚定奉行自卫防御的核战略，始终恪守在任何时候、任何情况下不首先使用核武器，无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的承诺。
China has consistently and actively advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China is firmly committed to a nuclear strategy based on self-defense and has upheld its commitment that it would not be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances and that it would unconditionally refrain from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones.
中方主张以实现普遍安全为根本目标，维护日内瓦裁军谈判会议等现有多边机制的权威性和有效性，坚持平衡推进和协商一致的原则，并确保各国的平等、广泛参与。
China advocates universal security as the ultimate goal, upholds the authority and effectiveness of the existing multilateral mechanisms including the Geneva Conference on Disarmament (CD), and follows the principle of balanced progress and consensus so as to ensure equal and broad participation of the international community.
《不扩散核武器条约》是战后国际安全体系的重要组成部分，也是国际核不扩散机制的基石，对维护世界和平、安全与稳定做出了重要贡献。中方希望各方共同维护和加强条约的普遍性、权威性和有效性，平衡推进核裁军、核不扩散与和平利用核能，从而进一步将核领域全球治理推向深入。中方呼吁尚未成为条约缔约国的国家迅速和无条件地作为无核武器国家加入，并承诺彻底消除其所有核武器。
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is part and parcel of the post-war international security system, and the cornerstone of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. It has made significant contribution to world peace, security and stability. China hopes that the parties concerned will make joint efforts to uphold and strengthen the universality, authority and effectiveness of the NPT, and take a balanced approach to promoting nuclear disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy, so as to further deepen global nuclear governance. China calls on countries that are not yet signatories to the treaty to swiftly and unconditionally join the treaty as a non-nuclear-weapon state and pledge to eliminate all their nuclear weapons.
今年是《全面禁止核试验条约》达成并开放签署20周年。中国是最早签署条约的国家之一，始终坚定维护条约的宗旨和目标，恪守暂停核试验的承诺，并支持历届联大有关决议。中方深入参与条约组织筹委会各项工作，并稳步推进国内履约筹备进程。中方愿与国际社会一道努力，致力于推动条约早日生效。
This year marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption and opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). As one of the first countries to sign the CTBT, China has always firmly safeguarded the purposes and goals of the CTBT, honored its commitment of suspending nuclear tests and supported relevant resolutions of successive sessions of the UN General Assembly. China has been deeply involved in the work of the Preparatory Commission of the Treaty Organization, and earnestly carried out preparatory work for the implementation of the treaty in China. China is ready to work with the international community to bring about an early entry into force of the CTBT.
中方坚定主张，裁谈会是谈判“禁产条约”的唯一适当场所。中方支持裁谈会达成一项全面、平衡的工作计划，以便据此开展实质性工作，包括根据“香农报告”（CD/1299）及其所载授权，谈判一项非歧视的、多边的、可国际有效核查的“禁产条约”。
China firmly supports the CD as the only appropriate venue for negotiating the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT). China supports the CD in reaching agreement on a comprehensive and balanced program of work as a basis to start considering substantive issues, including the negotiation of a non-discriminatory, multilateral and internationally and effectively verifiable FMCT in accordance with the Shannon Report (CD/1299) and the mandate specified in it.
中方一贯尊重和支持有关地区国家根据本地区实际情况，在自行协商、自愿协议的基础上建立无核武器区或无大规模杀伤性武器区的努力。
China always respects and supports the efforts by countries in relevant regions to establish nuclear-weapon-free or WMD-free zones in light of the actual conditions of their regions and on the basis of consultations among themselves and voluntary agreements.
中方重视核安全问题，积极参与了全部四届核安全峰会，并支持国际原子能机构在国际核安全体系中发挥核心作用。在2014年第三届核安全峰会上，中国国家主席习近平首次提出理性、协调、并进的核安全观，倡导构建公平、合作、共赢的国际核安全体系。在今年第四届核安全峰会上，习近平主席就加强国际核安全体系、促进国际核安全合作提出系列主张和倡议。中方将以此为指引，与国际社会一道，为加强全球核安全做出贡献。
China attaches high importance to the nuclear security issue. It has participated actively in all four Nuclear Security Summits and supported the central role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the international nuclear security system. At the third Nuclear Security Summit held in 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed a sensible, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security and advocated the building of an international nuclear security system featuring fairness and win-win cooperation for the first time. At the fourth Nuclear Security Summit held this year, President Xi put forth a number of propositions and initiatives on strengthening the international nuclear security system and promoting international cooperation on nuclear security. Guided by these proposals and initiatives, China will work with the international community to make contributions to the enhancement of global nuclear security.
核能利用必须以安全为前提。中方支持国际社会采取切实措施加强核能安全，积极推进相关国际合作，以促进核能的健康、可持续发展。
Safety should come first in the use of nuclear energy. China supports the international community in taking concrete measures to reinforce nuclear safety and actively advancing relevant international cooperation to promote sound and sustainable development of nuclear energy.
（二）生化武器问题
2. Chemical and Biological Weapons
中方支持不断加强《禁止化学武器公约》和《禁止生物武器公约》的有效性、权威性和普遍性。中方对有关化武拥有国和遗弃国未能按《禁止化学武器公约》规定的时限完成化武销毁表示遗憾，敦促有关国家根据缔约国大会和执理会有关决议要求，加大投入，在有关决定和销毁计划确定的时限内尽早完成销毁；禁化武组织应对包括遗弃化武在内的销毁进程进行有效监督。中方坚定支持公约框架内的叙利亚化武销毁工作，并为此作出重要贡献。中方愿与《禁止生物武器公约》缔约国一道，共同推动公约第八次审议大会取得积极成果，继续推动公约在消除生物武器威胁、防止生物武器扩散、促进生物科技和平利用等方面发挥重要作用。
China supports continued efforts to strengthen the effectiveness, authority and universality of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). China finds it regrettable that relevant states that possess chemical weapons and those that abandoned such weapons on the territories of other State Parties failed to complete the destruction process before the scheduled deadline of the CWC. China urges such countries to comply with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the State Parties and the Executive Council and redouble efforts to complete the destruction according to the timetables set in the relevant decisions and destruction plans. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons should effectively supervise all destruction processes, including those of abandoned chemical weapons. China firmly supports the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons under the auspices of the CWC and has made important contribution to this end. China is ready to work with other State Parties to the BWC to jointly push for positive outcomes at the Eighth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention and continue to uphold the important role of the BWC in such areas as removing the threat and preventing the proliferation of biological weapons and promoting the peaceful use of bacteriological (biological) science and technology.
（三）防扩散问题
3. Non-Proliferation
中方坚决反对大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散。为实现防扩散目标，各国应致力于营造互信、合作的国际和地区安全环境，消除大规模杀伤性武器扩散的动因；坚持通过政治外交手段解决防扩散问题；切实维护和加强国际防扩散机制；平衡处理防扩散与和平利用的关系，摒弃双重标准。中方愿同有关各方加强交流合作，共同推动国际防扩散进程。
China is firmly opposed to the proliferation of WMDs and their means of delivery. To achieve the goal of non-proliferation, all countries should work for a global and regional security environment of mutual trust and cooperation to reduce the incentive for WMD proliferation; resolve proliferation issues through political and diplomatic means; earnestly uphold and strengthen the international non-proliferation regime; and handle the relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful use in a balanced way and abandon double standards. China will step up exchanges and cooperation with all parties to move forward the international non-proliferation process.
（四）外空安全问题
4. Security in Outer Space
中方一贯主张和平利用外空，反对外空武器化和外空军备竞赛，认为国际社会应谈判制定新的国际条约，从根本上消除外空安全威胁。为此，中国、俄罗斯于2008年2月共同向裁谈会提交“防止在外空放置武器，对外空物体使用或威胁使用武力条约”草案。2014年6月，中俄根据各方提出的意见与建议对该条约进行了更新，并于2015年9月提交工作文件，就一些国家提出的问题作出反馈。裁谈会应该尽早以中俄草案为基础谈判达成外空军控条约。中方主张坚持“兼收并蓄，相辅相成”的原则，推进防止外空军备竞赛和外空透明与建立信任措施进程。
China stands for the peaceful use of outer space and opposes the weaponization or any arms race in outer space. China believes that the international community should negotiate a new international treaty to fundamentally remove security threats to outer space. For this purpose, China and Russia submitted the Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects (Draft) to the CD in February 2008. China and Russia updated the Draft in June 2014 based on the opinions and suggestions from various parties, and submitted a working paper in September 2015 in response to questions raised by some countries. Based on the draft proposed by China and Russia, the CD should start negotiations on a treaty on arms control in outer space as early as possible. China stands for the principle of inclusiveness and complementarity in promoting the prevention of arms race and the Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures process in outer space.
十、联合国财政问题
X. UN Financing
所有会员国应切实履行联合国宪章规定的财政义务，根据联合国大会决议确定的支付能力原则，及时、足额、无条件地缴纳联合国会费和维和摊款，支持联合国有效履行职能。联合国资源的利用应根据资源与方案相结合的原则，努力提高资源管理水平和利用效率，加强问责，充分考虑和照顾发展中国家的合理关切和要求。
According to the principle of capacity to pay enshrined in the UN General Assembly resolution, all UN member states should earnestly fulfill their financial obligations stipulated in the UN Charter and pay assessments for both regular budget and peacekeeping operations on time, in full and without conditions to support the UN in effectively carrying out its functions. The management of and efficiency in the use of UN resources should be improved through integration of resources and programs with greater accountability and due consideration and accommodation of the legitimate concerns and demands of developing countries.
