翻译天堂 2016-09-06
G20 takes up global inequality challenge
Leaders of the world’s largest economies are on the defensive over slower growth, social inequity and corporate tax avoidance as they gather for their annual G20 summit, with many acknowledging that they have to work harder than ever before to sell the benefits of globalisation.
全球各大经济体的领导人面对增长放缓、社会不平等和企业避税纷纷采取守势，他们正汇聚一堂出席年度20国集团(G20)峰会，其中许多人承认，他们必须付出空前大的努力才能说服人们相信全球化的好处。
“Many of our citizens are frustrated by the pace of globalisation and feel they are not experiencing the benefits of international trade,” Theresa May, the British prime minister, said at a briefing just ahead of the summit’s formal opening in Hangzhou in eastern China. “This is an issue we can’t afford to ignore.”
“我们的许多公民对全球化的步伐感到沮丧，觉得他们没有体验到国际贸易的好处，”英国首相特里萨•梅(Theresa May)在峰会在华东城市杭州正式开幕前的一个吹风会上表示，“这是我们不能忽视的一个问题。”
Mrs May was echoed by President Barack Obama of the US and his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, even as the leaders of the world’s two largest economies set a positive example for global co-operation with their joint ratification of the Paris accord on climate change.
梅的言论得到美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)和中国国家主席习近平的呼应，即便世界上最大两个经济体的领导人为全球合作树立了一个积极的榜样，正式联合批准了巴黎气候变化协定。
“Here at the G20 we will continue to pursue an agenda of inclusive and sustainable growth,” Mr Obama said, acknowledging that “the international order is under strain”.
“在这里举行的G20峰会上，我们将继续推行包容和可持续增长的议程，”奥巴马表示。他承认“国际秩序正受到压力”。
Mr Xi, whose country has arguably benefited more than any other from globalisation, struck a similarly cautious note in a weekend speech to business leaders. In China, he said, “we will make the pie bigger and make sure people get a fairer share of it”.
中国受益于全球化的程度可以说超过其他任何国家。习近平在周末对商界领袖的一个讲话中流露了类似的谨慎调子。他表示，中国将“更加注重公平公正，在做大发展蛋糕的同时分好蛋糕”。
He also recognised global inequity, noting that the global gini coefficient — the standard measure of inequality — had raced past what he called its “alarm level” of 0.6 and now stood at 0.7. “We need to build a more inclusive world economy,” Mr Xi said.
他也承认了全球不平等，指出全球基尼系数——不平等的衡量标准——已经超出了他所称的0.6这一“危险线”，现在达到0.7。习近平表示，各国需要“建设包容型世界经济”。
The global economy is expected to grow at just 3.1 per cent this yeanfr, according to the International Monetary Fund’scurrent forecasts, as trade and investment flag.
按照国际货币基金组织(IMF)目前的预测，随着贸易和投资陷入低迷，预计全球经济今年只能增长3.1%。
“We’ve thrown a number of things at [slowing growth] over the years,” said Angel Gurría, secretary-general of the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development. “[Traditional] cylinders of growth are chugging their way but they are moving half-speed at best.”
“这些年来我们对（增长放缓）采取了一些措施，”经合组织(OECD)秘书长安赫尔•古里亚(Angel Gurría)表示，“（传统的）增长汽缸正在运转，但它们充其量也只能达到正常速度的一半。”
“In some cases we look like we’re walking backwards,” Mr Gurria added. “Trade should be growing at 6-7 per cent and it’s growing at 3.”
“在某些情况下，我们看起来像是在倒退，”古里亚补充说，“贸易应该达到6%至7%的增速，但现在只有3%。”
One traditional engine, the Chinese economy, is growing at its slowest rate in a quarter century while Brazil and Russia are both in their second year of recession. Speaking at the weekend, Chinese president Xi Jinping rejected criticism that his government had shied away from “bold” reform initiatives but emphasised that Beijing’s goal was now to ensure growth was “quality-based rather than quantity-based”.
传统引擎之一中国经济正以四分之一个世纪以来最慢的速度增长，而巴西和俄罗斯的经济衰退都已进入第二年。中国国家主席习近平在周末发表的讲话中驳斥了有关他的政府在大胆改革举措面前退避三舍的批评，但强调称，北京方面现在的目标是确保质的提升、而不是量的增长。
As host of this year’s G20 meetings, Mr Xi is eager to maintain a united front at the two-day summit.
作为今年G20会议的主办国，习近平急于在为期两天的峰会上维持统一战线。
But cracks were beginning to show even before the summit’s opening ceremony, with European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker challenging Mr Xi’s government to “show the responsibility that comes with greater economic power”.
但即使在峰会举行开幕式之前，裂缝就开始显现，欧盟委员会(European Commission)主席让-克洛德•容克(Jean-Claude Juncker)向习近平的政府发起挑战，要求后者“展示出伴随更大经济实力的负责”。
EU and US politicians have been especially critical of overcapacity in China’s steel sector, which they blame for a surge in cheap exportsthat have allegedly “distorted” global commodity markets. “The summit must urgently find solutions to the problems facing the global steel industry,” Mr Juncker said. “I am determined to defend the interests of the EU steel industry . . . This is a global problem with a specific Chinese dimension.”
欧盟和美国政界人士近来对中国钢铁业产能过剩的批评调子特别尖锐，他们指责中国的钢铁行业导致了廉价出口激增。“此次峰会必须尽快为全球钢铁业所面对的问题找到解决方案，”容克表示，“我决心捍卫欧盟钢铁业的利益……这是一个带有特殊中国元素的全球问题。”
There was also tension between the US and EU over Brussels’ ruling last week that a decades-old tax agreement between Ireland and Apple violated the bloc’s ban on “state aid” for companies. A Apple and US officials have suggested that the ruling by EU competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager unfairly targeted American companies – a suggestion that drew a sharp rebuke from EU officials.
美国和欧盟之间围绕布鲁塞尔方面上周的裁决也存在关系紧张；那项裁决认定爱尔兰和苹果(Apple)之间延续了几十年的税收协定违反了有关企业不能获得“国家援助”的欧盟禁令。苹果和美国官员提出，欧盟竞争专员玛格丽特•维斯特格(Margrethe Vestager)作出的这项裁决不公平地针对美国企业；这种说法招致欧盟官员的尖锐驳斥。
But Mr Juncker defended the decision, arguing that such schemes had further undermined popular perceptions of globalisation. “Tax authorities cannot give benefits to some companies and not to others,” he said.“This was not a decision against the US.”
容克为维斯特格的裁决作出辩护，辩称此类税收安排进一步糟蹋了民众对全球化的看法。“税务机关不能给某些公司好处，而不给其他公司相同的好处，”他表示，“这不是针对美国的裁决。”
