翻译天堂  2016-09-05

1、中美新型大国关系：双方积极评价自2013年6月两国元首安纳伯格庄园会晤以来中美新型大国关系建设取得的重要进展，同意按照两国元首达成的共识继续共同努力构建这一关系。双方将保持密切高层沟通和机制性对话，不断增进战略互信，深化在双边、地区、全球层面的协调与合作，同时以建设性方式管控分歧和敏感问题，推动中美关系持续健康稳定发展。 1. The New Model of Major-country Relationship Between China and the United States: The two sides commended the important progress made in the building of a new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States since the meeting between the two heads of state in Sunnylands in June 2013, and agreed to continue the joint endeavor to move forward this relationship in accordance with the consensus reached by the two presidents. The two sides will maintain close high-level communication and institutionalized dialogues, continue to enhance strategic mutual trust, deepen coordination and cooperation at bilateral, regional and global levels, manage differences and sensitive issues in a constructive manner, and promote the sustained, sound and steady development of China-U.S. relations.

2、宏观经济：中美双方认识到，中美两国经济紧密交融，本国的经济发展与对方国家的繁荣高度相关。为两国经济奠定强劲和可持续增长基础的政策对提高中美两国人民的生活水平至关重要，对世界也有着积极影响。为此：

（1）中美双方承诺采取包括货币、财政和结构性政策在内的所有政策工具提振信心和促进增长。货币政策将继续支持经济活动和确保价格稳定，并与央行的授权相一致，但仅靠货币政策无法实现平衡增长。应灵活运用财政政策以促进增长、创造就业和提高居民需求，并支持结构性改革的实施。

（2）中美双方共同重申在G20达成的关于汇率的承诺，包括将避免竞争性贬值和不以竞争性的目的来盯住汇率。中方将继续有序向市场化汇率转型，强化汇率双向浮动弹性。中方强调人民币不存在持续贬值的基础。双方认识到清晰地进行政策沟通的重要性。

（3）美方欢迎中方在经济改革特别是供给侧结构性改革方面做出的承诺和已经取得的进展，包括增强消费拉动经济增长的基础性作用。中方致力于坚定不移地推进供给侧结构性改革，重点推动去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本和补短板，使中国经济发展更加可持续。中方将兼顾经济稳定增长和结构调整，通过增加居民消费、提高服务业占GDP的比例、确保高质量并由私人部门驱动的投资以扩大国内需求。中方将继续简政放权和转变政府职能，继续推进金融领域改革，使市场在信贷配置过程中进一步发挥决定性作用，进一步放开服务业竞争，强化社会安全保障网。

（4）美方致力于继续推动以更高的国内投资特别是基础设施投资和国民储蓄为特点的强劲、可持续和平衡增长。同时，美国政府继续将扩大受教育机会、改革移民制度以及提高劳动参与率和生产率等相关政策作为工作重点。

（5）中国的财政政策在扩大内需和支持结构性改革方面发挥了作用，相关措施包括降税清费，设立专项资金为下岗职工提供支持，阶段性降低社保缴费率，加强地方政府债务管理防范风险，大力支持扶贫、生态环保等经济社会领域薄弱环节发展等。在上述措施的基础上，中方将继续实施积极财政政策，支持结构性改革并适度扩大总需求。

（6）美方认识到预算程序可预见性的重要性，以及财政预算不确定性可能对美国及全球经济产生的影响。美方致力于在中期内实现政府财政的可持续性。

（7）中方认识到，供给侧结构性改革的目的之一是企业去杠杆以及应对相关的银行业挑战。在现有进展的基础上，中方将根据一个全面的战略，深化供给侧结构性改革包括国企改革，充分发挥市场和法律机制的作用，化解企业债务问题，包括国有企业债务。

（8）鉴于相关改革将对中国乃至全球经济产生的巨大影响，中方重申相关承诺，将进一步改善经济和金融政策的透明度以及经济活动数据的可获得性，从而使世界范围的监管者、政策制定者、企业和投资者更好地进行理解。

2. China and the United States recognize that the two economies are closely interconnected and each country has a strong stake in the economic prosperity of the other. Policies that lay the foundation for strong and sustainable growth in both economies are essential to improving the livelihoods of Chinese and American citizens, as well as countless others around the world. To this end:

-- China and the United States commit to use all policy tools - monetary, fiscal and structural - to foster confidence and strengthen growth. Monetary policy will continue to support economic activity and ensure price stability, consistent with central banks' mandates, but monetary policy alone cannot lead to balanced growth. Fiscal policy should be used flexibly to strengthen growth, job creation and household demand, and can complement and support the implementation of structural reforms.P -- China and the United States jointly reaffirm their G20 exchange rate commitments, including that they will refrain from competitive devaluations and not target exchange rates for competitive purposes. China will continue an orderly transition to a market-determined exchange rate, enhancing two-way flexibility. China stresses that there is no basis for a sustained depreciation of the RMB. Both sides recognize the importance of clear policy communication.

-- The United States welcomes the commitments China has made on economic reform, especially on supply-side structural reform, and progress achieved so far, including efforts to strengthen the fundamental role of domestic consumption in driving China's economic growth. China commits to steadfastly advance supply-side structural reform, concentrating on cutting excess capacity, reducing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and enhancing support for addressing weaknesses in economic and social development, to support China's transition to a more sustainable growth path. China commits to balance stable economic growth and structural adjustment, and expand domestic demand by increasing household consumption, increasing the service sector's proportion of the economy and ensuring investment is high quality and driven by the private sector. China will continue to simplify administrative procedures and transform government functions, press ahead with financial sector reforms to further enable the market to play a decisive role in credit allocation, open further the services sector to competition, and strengthen the social safety net.

-- The United States remains committed to promoting strong, sustainable and more balanced growth characterized by higher domestic investment, in particular infrastructure investment, and national savings. At the same time, the Administration continues to prioritize policies geared toward expanding access to education, reforming the immigration system, and improving the labor force participation rate and productivity.

-- China's fiscal policy has played a role in expanding domestic demand and supporting structural reform. Measures have included lowering taxes and fees, establishing a special fund to provide support for laid-off workers, reducing social security contributions of employers in a phased approach, strengthening the management of local government debt to address risks, and addressing shortcomings in economic and social development, including poverty reduction and ecological protection. Going forward, China commits to use proactive fiscal policy to promote structural reforms and expand demand as appropriate.

-- The United States recognizes the importance of predictability in the budget process and the impact budget uncertainty can have on the United States and global economies, and is committed to putting U.S. government finances on a sustainable path over the medium term.

-- China recognizes that one of the goals of supply-side structural reform is corporate deleveraging, including managing the corresponding challenges for the banking sector. Building on current progress, China is to deepen supply-side structural reforms with a comprehensive strategy, including state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform, giving full play to the role of the market and legal mechanisms, to reduce corporate debt, including SOE debt.

-- Acknowledging the sizable impact these reforms will have on China and ultimately on global growth, China reaffirms its commitment to further improve the transparency of economic and financial policies as well as the availability of data on economic activity to better inform regulators, policymakers, firms, and investors worldwide.

3、工业领域结构性改革：中美双方认识到全球经济复苏缓慢和市场需求低迷使得包括一些行业产能过剩在内的结构性问题更加严重，这些问题对贸易和工人产生了负面影响。中美双方认识到，钢铁和其他行业产能过剩是一个全球性问题，需要集体应对。双方也认识到，政府或政府支持的机构提供的补贴和其他类型的支持可能导致市场扭曲和造成全球产能过剩问题，因此需要予以关注。中美双方承诺加强沟通与合作，致力于采取有效措施应对有关挑战，以加强市场功能和鼓励调整。为此目的，中美双方对可能建立的一个全球论坛表示欢迎。该论坛由G20成员和感兴趣的经合组织（OECD）成员积极参加，将其作为交流和分享全球产能动态、政府政策与支持措施信息的合作平台，由OECD秘书处提供协助。

美方欢迎中方推进以去产能为目标之一的供给侧结构性改革。中美双方认识到，由于全球经济复苏缓慢和市场需求低迷，电解铝行业产能过剩增加，成为全球性问题，需要集体应对。中美双方将共同努力，应对全球电解铝产能过剩问题。

中美双方认识到建立和完善公正的破产制度和机制的重要性。中方高度重视运用兼并重组和破产重整、破产和解、破产清算制度和机制依法解决产能过剩问题。在解决产能过剩问题过程中，中方将通过继续建立专门的破产审判庭、不断完善破产管理人制度以及运用信息化手段等方式推进破产法的实施。中美双方承诺最早从2016年开始，以论坛或互访等方式定期和不定期地就双方各自破产法的实施进行沟通和交流。

3. China and the United States recognize that structural problems, including excess capacity in some industries, exacerbated by a weak global economic recovery and depressed market demand, have caused a negative impact on trade and workers. Both countries recognize that excess capacity in steel and other industries is a global issue which requires collective responses. Both sides recognize that subsidies and other types of support from governments or government-sponsored institutions can cause market distortions and contribute to global excess capacity and therefore require attention. The two sides commit to enhance communication and cooperation, and are committed to take effective steps to address the challenges so as to enhance market function and encourage adjustments. In this regard, China and the United States welcome the potential establishment of a Global Forum, with active participation of G20 members and interested OECD members, as a cooperative platform for dialogue and information-sharing on global capacity developments and on policies and support measures taken by governments, to be facilitated by the OECD Secretariat.

The United States welcomes China's supply-side structural reform program, which has cutting excess capacity as one of its key objectives. China and the United States recognize that due to a weak global economic recovery and depressed market demand, the excess capacity of the electrolytic aluminum industry has increased and become a global issue requiring collective response. Both countries are to work together to address the global electrolytic aluminum excess capacity.

China and the United States recognize the importance of the establishment and improvement of impartial bankruptcy systems and mechanisms. China attaches great importance to resolving excess capacity through the systems and mechanisms relating to mergers and acquisitions; restructuring; and bankruptcy reorganization, bankruptcy settlement, and bankruptcy liquidation, according to its laws. In the process of addressing excess capacity, China is to implement bankruptcy laws by continuing to establish special bankruptcy tribunals, further improving the bankruptcy administrator systems and using modern information tools. China and the United States commit to, starting as early as 2016, conduct regular and ad hoc communication and exchanges regarding the implementation of our respective bankruptcy laws through forums or mutual visits.

4、全球经济治理：中美双方继续致力于支持能够与全球的现实、挑战和机遇共同演进的、包容和有弹性的国际经济体系，包括推动现有和新的国际金融机构开展全方位合作。与2015年9月份双方达成的承诺相一致，中美双方还共同承诺支持和进一步完善现有的、新的和未来的国际金融机构在治理、环保和社会领域的高标准。为此：

（1）双方支持以强劲的、以份额为基础的、资源充足的国际货币基金组织（IMF）为核心的全球金融安全网。双方支持维护IMF的现有贷款能力。双方欢迎2010年IMF份额和治理改革的落实并致力于在2017年年会前完成第15次份额总检查。双方重申，份额调整应提高有活力的经济体的份额占比，以反映其在世界经济中的相对地位，因此可能的结果是新兴市场和发展中国家的份额占比整体提高。

（2）美方支持IMF将人民币在10月1日纳入SDR货币篮子的决定。双方支持对扩大SDR的使用进行研究及探索相关举措，包括更广泛地发布以SDR作为报告货币的财务和统计数据，以及发行SDR计价债券。

（3）中美双方重申按照世界银行理事会同意的路线图和时间表就世界银行股权审议进行合作的重要性。美方赞赏中方在亚洲发展基金第12轮增资中增加捐资。美方欢迎中方有意义地增加对国际开发协会和非洲发展基金2016年捐资的意愿。

（4）中美双方将在国际金融组织的协助下共同支持发展中国家的经济发展。

（5）中美双方重申巴黎俱乐部作为官方双边债务重组主要国际平台的作用和讨论一系列主权债务问题，并认为巴黎俱乐部应适应官方融资的发展趋势，包括将其成员范围扩大到新兴债权人。中方将继续常态性参与巴黎俱乐部，发挥更具建设性的作用，包括进一步讨论潜在的成员身份问题。

（6）中美双方支持将加强的合同条款纳入主权债券中的努力。

（7）我们欢迎中美双方完成G20框架下化石燃料补贴同行审议报告，并赞赏已完成的和将进行的关于有效使用化石燃料和减少导致气候变化的温室气体排放的改革的积极作用。

4. China and the United States remain committed to supporting an inclusive and resilient international economic architecture able to evolve with global realities, challenges and opportunities, including promoting comprehensive cooperation between the existing and new international financial institutions. China and the United States also share a commitment to upholding and further improving the high governance, environmental, and social standards of the existing international financial institutions, as well as in new and future institutions, consistent with the commitments made in September 2015. To this end:

-- China and the United States support a strong, quota-based and adequately resourced IMF at the center of the global financial safety net. China and the United States support maintaining the IMF's current lending capacity. China and the United States welcome that the 2010 IMF quota and governance reform have taken effect and are working towards the completion of the 15th General Review of Quotas by the 2017 Annual Meetings. China and the United States reaffirm that any realignment under the 15th review in quota shares is expected to result in increased shares for dynamic economies in line with their relative positions in the world economy, and hence likely in the share of emerging market and developing countries as a whole.

-- The United States supports the IMF's decision to include the RMB into the SDR currency basket on October 1st. Both countries support examination of the broader use of the SDR and exploring initiatives in this regard, including through broader reporting of accounts and statistics in the SDR and the issuance of SDR-denominated bonds.

-- China and the United States reiterate the importance of collaborating on the World Bank's shareholding review according to the roadmap and timeframe agreed by the World Bank Board of Governors. The United States commends China for its increased pledge to the Asian Development Fund-12 replenishment. The United States welcomes China's intent to meaningfully increase its contributions to the replenishments of the International Development Association and the African Development Fund in 2016.

-- China and the United States are to work together to support economic development in developing countries with the help of international financial institutions.

-- China and the United States reaffirm the Paris Club's role as the principal international forum for restructuring official bilateral debt and its discussion of a range of sovereign debt issues, and affirm that the Paris Club should keep pace with the changing landscape of official financing, including by expanding its membership to include emerging creditors. China will continue to participate in the Paris Club on a regular basis and play a more constructive role, including further discussions on potential membership.

-- China and the United States support efforts to incorporate the enhanced contractual clauses into sovereign bonds.

-- China and the United States welcome the completion of peer review reports under the G20 on the fossil fuel subsidies of China and the United States, and applaud the positive impact of completed and expected reforms on efficient fossil fuel use and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases that cause climate change.

5、创新政策：中美双方认为，创新是发展经济、创造就业及共享繁荣的关键动力，创新在制定解决国内、国际和社会挑战方案方面发挥着至关重要的作用。双方进一步认识到，中美开展贸易、营商及合力创新的能力，有助于促进两国人民的福祉并推动全球经济增长。

作为追求上述共同目标的伙伴，并考虑到中美合作对双边关系日益重要，中美双方认识到，制定和支持适当法律、法规和政策框架对培育健康的创新生态体系非常重要。相关创新体系的特征应包括对基础科学和研发的强力投资、企业的深度参与和各自政策制定和执行的透明度。中美双方承诺其各自的创新政策将与非歧视原则保持一致。中美双方确认发展和保护包括商业秘密在内的知识产权的重要性，并承诺不推进将转让知识产权或技术作为在各自市场开展业务的前提条件的一般适用政策或实践。

（1）中美双方认识到，政府对促进国内外企业之间公平竞争有重要作用，产品和服务定价等领域的开放和竞争性的市场对促进创新发挥着重要作用。

（2）中美双方认识到对知识产权的有效和平衡保护将有益于促进创新。双方将继续就相关政策进行沟通和交流，包括保护创新者不受恶意诉讼。

（3）双方确认，获取广泛的全球产品、服务和技术解决方案通常将促进商业企业的创新能力和竞争力。

（4）鉴于相互连接的全球数字基础设施的重要性、创新型技术的价值以及技术用户的安全关切，双方承诺，与世界贸易组织（WTO）协定相一致，各自国家在商业领域的通用信息通信技术安全相关的措施：1.应以非歧视方式对待技术；2.将不会不必要地限制或阻止外国信息通信技术产品或服务供应商的商业销售机会；3.应仅用于小范围，考虑国际规范，非歧视，且不对商业机构在购买、销售或使用相关产品方面设置不必要的基于国别的条件或限制。

5. China and the United States affirm that innovation is a critical driver of economic development, job creation, and shared prosperity and that innovation plays a crucial role in developing solutions to domestic, global, and societal challenges. Furthermore, each side recognizes that the ability for China and the United States to trade, do business, and innovate together promotes prosperity for the people of our two nations and contributes to the growth of the global economy.

As partners in the pursuit of these common goals and in view of the increasing importance of China-U.S. collaboration to the bilateral relationship, China and the United States recognize the importance of building and supporting the proper legal, regulatory, and policy frameworks necessary for fostering a healthy innovation ecosystem featuring robust investment in basic science and research and development, strong involvement by enterprises, and transparent policy design and implementation in our respective policies. China and the United States commit that their innovation policies are to be consistent with the principle of non-discrimination. China and the United States affirm the importance of developing and protecting intellectual property, including trade secrets, and commit not to advance generally applicable policies or practices that require the transfer of intellectual property rights or technology as a condition of doing business in their respective markets.

-- Both sides recognize the importance of the government's role in promoting a level playing field for foreign and domestic companies, and the importance of open and competitive markets, including in determining pricing of products and services, to drive innovation.

-- China and the United States recognize that the effective and balanced protection of intellectual property rights will be beneficial to promote innovation. Both sides are to continue to communicate and exchange views on relevant policies, such as protecting innovators from bad faith litigations.

-- Both countries affirm that access to a full range of global products, services and technology solutions ordinarily promotes the innovativeness and competitiveness of commercial enterprises.

-- Recognizing the importance of an interconnected global digital infrastructure, the value of innovative technologies, and technology users' security concerns, the two sides, consistent with WTO agreements, commit that their respective generally-applicable information and communication technology (ICT) security-related measures in commercial sectors (1) should treat technology in a non-discriminatory manner, (2) are not to unnecessarily limit or prevent commercial sales opportunities for foreign suppliers of ICT products or services, and (3) should be narrowly tailored, take into account international norms, be nondiscriminatory, and not impose nationality-based conditions or restrictions, on the purchase, sale, or use of ICT products by commercial enterprises unnecessarily.

6、双边投资协定：中美双方确认双边投资协定谈判取得重大成果。谈判旨在达成一项高水平的协定，实现双方创建非歧视、透明、开放的投资体制的共同目标。双方于近期交换的第三次负面清单改进出价体现了重大进展，并在谈判各方面取得了新的成果。中美双方承诺将进一步推进谈判，以达成一项互利共赢、高水平的协定。6. China and the United States recognize the significant progress of the ongoing Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) negotiation toward a high-standard treaty reflecting the shared objectives of non-discrimination, transparency, and open and liberalized investment regimes. The two sides have recently exchanged the third revised and significantly improved negative list offers and made further progress in all aspects of the negotiation. China and the United States commit to further intensify the negotiation with a view to concluding a mutually beneficial and high-standard treaty.

7、中美商贸联委会：双方高度重视中美商贸联委会对促进中美双边经贸关系、扩大双边互利合作和高层政策对话所发挥的重要作用，并承诺继续在中美商贸联委会框架下就两国政府和利益相关者共同关注的问题保持沟通与对话，努力寻求符合双方利益的解决方案，共同致力于第27届中美商贸联委会成功举行。 7. Both sides highly value the important role the China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) plays in promoting bilateral economic and trade relations and expanding the mutually beneficial cooperation and high-level policy discussion, and commit to continue holding communication and dialogue under the framework of JCCT on the issues of interest to both governments and our stakeholders, work hard to seek solutions that meet both sides' interests, and work together towards the success of the 27th JCCT.