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科技翻译练习【2】、【3】

2016-05-31 15:26:51 3263浏览

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原创: 鬼谷一喵  翻译天堂  2016-05-31

2016.5.30 @鬼谷一喵

Science does not, generally, affect industry directly but does so through the intermediary of technology which places at industry's disposal new improved and powerful machines that increase the productivity of labour. It improves technological processes, introduces new forms of energy, creates new materials not provided by nature, introduces new and varied means of transport, communication and telecommunication control and telecontrol.All these means amazingly increase the productivity of labour by substituting huan forces for those of nature.

一般来说,科学并不直接影响工业,而是通过技术这个中间环节,把经过改进的,功率更大的机器用于工业中,从而提高劳动生产率。他改进了工艺流程,采用的新能源,创造了自然界不提供的新材料,引入了各种各样新的运输、通讯、电讯控制和遥控手段。所有这些方式,都是通过人的力量取代自然界的力量,大大提高了劳动生产率,令人惊叹不已。

【扩展知识】

 科技名词词组的译法

 这里只谈复合名词词组。复合名词词组的附加部分是它的定于,译成汉语时,通常放在所修饰的名词前,也就是……+名词,但有时候也根据语义关系和汉语习惯进行扩展和转换。

 1扩展

 The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide film allows it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes.【氧化膜表面有轻微的渗透性】,因而可以用有机或无机燃料着色。

 2变动宾

 Two-eyed, present day man has no need of such microscopic delicacyin his vision.普通的现代人看物体时【不需要这种显微镜般的精密程度】。

 3定变状

 A great deal of success in cheapening the process has been achieved in the last few years. 过去几年里,【在降低此过程成本方面】已经取得了巨大的成功。

 4定变分句

 This is an electrical method which is the most promising when the water is brakish.】这是一种电学方法,他【最有希望用于半咸水】。

由此可知,符合名词的翻译方法很多,但万变不离其宗,就是语义关系和语言习惯。来一个练习:

Our eye is sensitive only to a narrow range of wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.7 microns.

【练习答案】

我们的眼睛只能感受到0.4-0.7微米狭窄范围之内的波长。

【练习点评】

这里不能处理成波长在0.4-0.7微米之间的狭窄范围,因为①……眼睛……感受……范围,在语义上就是不如眼睛……感受……范围内的物体更合理——没有公式可以告诉你们也没有道理可以讲给你们,事实就是这样,并且可以负责的告诉你们,这两种方式都叫做【对的译法】,但的译法就是得分更高。没有为什么。

不过可以提示的是,很多时候这种a narrow range of虽然从表层上看是一个限定词,但实际功能通常和汉语量词相当。试比较:a high degree of similariy高度的相似性,a number of reasons一些理由,a beam of light一束光。

另外,冠词的变化,会导致他的含义变化哦!the number of reasons理由的条数,the degree of similarity相似的程度。

2016.5.30 @鬼谷一喵

Nature loves fusion. It is th process that keeps our sun and the other stars burning. The tremendous heat and gravitational pressure in a star crushe the nuclei of light atoms such as hydrogen together, fusing them into heavier atoms, helium. In the act of fusing, matter is converted into a prodigious amount of energy, neatly following Einstein's dictum that says matter and energy are interchangeable.

大自然钟爱聚变。聚变是太阳和其他恒星不断燃烧的过程。一颗恒星里巨大的热量和重力可以把氢一类的原子核挤压在一起,把他们熔成较重的氦原子。证实在熔聚的过程中,物质完全遵循着爱因斯坦物质和能量可以相互转换的论断,转换成巨量的能量。

To fuse atoms together on Earth requires much higher temperatures than in the sun in order to compensate for the lack of the sun's crushing gravitational pressure. At these exceptionally high temperatures nuclei speed around so fast that when they collide they overcome their natural resistance and fuse.

在地球上使原子熔聚在一起所需的温度比在太阳里要高得多,这样才能补偿所缺少的那种太阳上的重力压力。在特别高的温度下,原子核旋转的速度才能快到让他们在碰撞时克服固有的阻力,从而变成较重的原子。

【扩展知识】——倍数的翻译

汉语说增加了……倍的时候通常是不包括基数的,英文则包括,所以英文增加n倍对应的汉语应该是n-1倍。例如

The production of various electron tubes had been increased four times as against 1958.

各种电子管的产量比1958年增加了三倍。

下面是比较常见的表达法,可以记下来方便使用

1an increase of n% n% more than = 增加n%

2increased by n times increased n00% = 增加n

3increase n timesincrease by n%n times as great asn times last year's totaln fold increase = 增加n-1或者说叫增加到n

4n00% of the pre war level比战前增加n-1

5n times faster than sound n倍于音速

6increased by a factor of n增加n-1

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