微博@翻译硕士 翻译天堂 2016-05-15
特朗普性别歧视VS克林顿打“女人牌”
注焦11月民主党，Studies Ways to Parry
文 AMY CHOZICK，ASHLEY PARKER
【原文】
TRUMP’S ATTACKS ON CLINTON HAVE CALCULATEDRISK
GENDER-BASED CRITICISM
Democrat, With Eye on November, StudiesWays to Parry
By AMY CHOZICK and ASHLEY PARKER
Withthe nation on the verge of a presidential election between the first woman tolead a major party and an opponent accused of misogyny, Hillary Clinton andDonald J. Trump are digging in for a fight in which he is likely to attack herprecisely because she is a woman.
Mr.Trump, the Republican favorite, has already proved willing to attack Mrs.Clinton in ways that many women find sexist and that her supporters considerout of bounds.
Thisweek alone, he accused her of playing the “woman’s card” to
get where she is, saying, “If HillaryClinton were a man, I don’t think she’d get 5 percent of the vote.” Hequestioned her “strength” and “stamina,” and he mocked her for “shouting.” Alsothis year, he attacked Mrs. Clinton as the enabling political spouse of aformer president who Mr. Trump said had abused women.
Mrs.Clinton’s advisers say they are confident that such comments will galvanizeDemocrats and infuriate nearly any woman who has ever had to work harder than aman. But they also recognize that Mr. Trump has proved adept at reading theelectorate and at dominating news coverage — and that Mrs. Clinton must parryhis attacks without overplaying her hand or further eroding her standing withmale voters, whom she has struggled to win over in the Democratic primary.
Mr.Trump’s advisers, meanwhile, say that the woman’s card attack serves toundermine Mrs. Clinton by sowing doubts about her qualifications — not justwith men, but with white women, who have supported the Republican nominee inevery election since 1996 and are vital to Mr. Trump’s chances in November.
“He’sgoing to have to deconstruct Hillary Clinton if he’s going to run against her,”said Roger J.Stone Jr., a longtime Trump confidant. “He can’t let her be theaugust secretary of state and former senator.”
Democratssay the strategy is an exercise in delusion, given Mr. Trump’s weakness amongwomen: They are solidly in Mrs. Clinton’s corner against Mr. Trump so far inthe polls. Fifty percent of white women said they would support her, to 39percent for him, according to a CBS News poll in April.
“Itseems like a real strategic misstep for him, considering he has unprecedentedproblems with women in his own party,” said Jess McIntosh, vice president ofcommunications at Emily’s List, which works to elect Democrats who supportabortion rights and is backing Mrs. Clinton.
SomeRepublicans, similarly, cringed. “When people rally around her are when peoplebring things up about her husband’s infidelities and when it appears as thoughshe’s being attacked by the boys’ club,” said Katie Packer, who runs ananti-Trump group and cofounded a consulting firm that helps Republicanscommunicate to women.
Buteven some Republican political operatives fiercely opposed to Mr. Trump say heis pursuing what could be a sound strategy by turning Mrs. Clinton’s chance tomake history against her while deflecting scrutiny of his own weakness amongfemale voters.
“Bytaking gender head-on, Trump refuses to cede women voters and so-called women’sissues to Hillary just because she is a woman,” said Kellyanne Conway, aRepublican pollster who heads a “super PAC” supporting Senator Ted Cruz.
“Heis ‘Swiftboating’ her by throwing shade on what should be a strength,” Ms.Conway said in an email, referring tothe 2004 attacks on John Kerry’s war record, which turned a strength into aweakness and diverted attention from President George W. Bush’s ownvulnerabilities.
Ms.Conway added that Mr. Trump could sully Mrs. Clinton’s record of advocacy onissues like pay inequity by saying she has accomplished too little on them.
“Next he’ll say, ‘Ladies: She shares your gender and nothing else,’ ”Ms. Conway said. “‘It takes you years toearn what Wall Street paid her for a single 25-minute speech that wasn’t eventhat interesting.’ ”
Withthe Democratic primary winding down, Mrs. Clinton’s advisers say they have beenanalyzing why Mr. Trump’s attacks were so damaging to Republican rivals likeJeb Bush and Senator Marco Rubio to determine how Mrs. Clinton can avoid thesame pitfalls.
Sinceher victories on Tuesday, Mrs. Clinton has met with advisers at her home inChappaqua, N.Y., to discuss taking on Mr. Trump. A playbook is beginning tocome together.
Onthe debate stage, Mrs. Clinton will not respond in kind to personal attacks: Nojokes about Mr. Trump’s hair or the size of his hands. When Mr. Trump’scomments dominate the news, her campaign plans to stick to its message, even ifit means being momentarily eclipsed. And when Mr. Trump accuses Mrs. Clinton ofplaying the woman’s card, Mrs. Clinton will pivot to issues like equal pay forwomen, paid family and medical leave and raising the minimum wage.
“Thiscan’t be a tit for tat on comedic insults,” said Hilary Rosen, a Democraticstrategist. But, she added, without the right push back, Mr. Trump’s attacks“could have a corrosive impact, and that’s what the campaign is thinking hardabout.”
Still,pushing back against Mr. Trump is unlikely to go unanswered. In January, afterMrs. Clinton accused him of being sexist, he warned that Bill Clinton’s sexualindiscretions would be fair game, accused Mrs. Clinton of impugning thereputations of women who accused her husband of sexual indiscretions, thenboasted that Mrs. Clinton had been intimidated into dropping the subject.
Aidesto Mr. Trump, three of whom insisted on anonymity to discuss the campaign’sinternal deliberations, suggested he would likely return to that line of attackas his campaign prepares for a fall contest with Mrs. Clinton.
Mrs.Clinton’s advisers said she would not directly respond to such attacks or allowthem to stop her from calling Mr. Trump sexist. Rather, they said, her campaignwould rely on surrogates and television ads paid for by a super PAC to rebutthem and to highlight Mr. Trump’s record with women.
Ina sign of how closely Mrs. Clinton’s aides are watching Mr. Trump’s every step,after his advisers signaled last week that Mr. Trump would start behaving more“presidentially,” the Clinton campaign released an online ad, called “ExtremistMakeover,” replaying some of his most controversial utterances about Muslims, immigrantsand women. “When someone shows you who they are, believe them,” Mrs. Clintonsaid in the ad, quoting Maya Angelou.
Butby Tuesday night, after Mr. Trump had appeared to shift course again, Clintonaides adjusted. In her victory speech in Philadelphia, Mrs. Clinton’s preparedremarks included a line meant to rev up female voters at Mr. Trump’s expense:“If fighting for women’s health care and paid family leave and equal pay isplaying the ‘woman card,’ then deal me in,” she said.
Ona private flight after Mrs. Clinton’s victory speech, her aides could hardlybelieve their luck when they learned that Mr. Trump, speaking about an hour later,had used the term woman’s card in his own victory speech.
Avideo that spliced Mr. Trump’s comments with Mrs. Clinton’s line was quicklysent out to her supporters without any further commentary.
Alliesof both Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Trump viewed the exchange on Tuesday night as anopening round in what will probably unfold in the months ahead. “I’m surprisedthey aren’t selling decks of cards yet,” said Tracy Sefl, a Democraticstrategist who is supporting Mrs. Clinton. “They should just go nuts with it.”
That may yet come. On Thursday, Mrs.Clinton’s campaign appealed for donations by offering supporters their “veryown official Hillary for America woman card” — a hot pink credit card with th
ewords “Congratulations: You’re in the majority!”
【译文】
随着美国总统选举的临近，竞争在身为美国史上首任女性主要政党领导人的希拉里·克林顿与被指厌弃女性的对手唐纳德·J·特朗普之间展开，两人都正卯足了劲儿想要赢得大选，而特普朗极有可能拿对手的女性身份来大做文章。
事实证明，深得共和党人青睐的特朗普将用在很多女性看来带有性别歧视甚至令对方支持者视为出格的方式攻击克林顿。
仅仅是在本周，特朗普就曾指责克林顿是靠打“女人牌”才走到今天，并宣称“如果希拉里·克林顿是名男性，我认为她不会拿到5%的选票。”他还质疑克林顿的“实力”和“耐力”并嘲笑其“大喊大叫”。此外，今年他还曾攻击克林顿，称她是前任总统（特朗普所谓曾虐待女性）的政治配偶。
克林顿的顾问团表示相当自信，如此言论将刺激民主党人而且激怒几乎所有曾比男性更加努力工作的女性同胞们。但她们也意识到，特朗普的确更善察民意也更懂得如何操纵新闻报道，而这是克林顿必须规避的攻击，既不能太过分，还得保证自己在男性选民中的支持率不下滑，毕竟在民主党初选时她就不占优势。
与此同时，特朗普的顾问团则表示，攻击克林顿打女人牌将会使男性选民甚至白人女性质疑其资质，进而破坏其选举。白人女性自1996年起一直是共和党提名人的有力支持者，更是对特朗普能否在11月赢得选举至关重要。
“如果他想同希拉里·克林顿竞选，就必须将其瓦解，”特朗普长期以来的密友说。“让她无法展现令人敬畏的国务卿及前参议员形象。”
民主党人称，鉴于特朗普不受女性选民的欢迎，这个策略简直异想天开：迄今为止的民意调查结果表明她们坚定地支持克林顿而不是特朗普。据CBS News在4月进行的民意调查显示，50%的白人女性表示将支持克林顿，39%支持特朗普。
“鉴于他和本党女性之间前所未有的问题，对他而言这似乎的确是一次战略失误，”Emily’s List（致力于推举支持堕胎权的民主党人，现支持克林顿）公关副主席Jess McIntosh说。
一些共和党人同样担忧，“当提起她丈夫不忠的时候、看似被‘男性俱乐部’围攻的时候，也正是人们团结起来支持她的时候，”反特朗普团队负责人（同时也是一家帮助共和党与女性选民沟通的咨询公司的联合创始人）Katie Packer说。
不过，一些即使强烈反对特朗普的共和党政治人士也表示，他正推行的策略或许有效，通过转移视线，把克林顿创造历史的机会变成攻击她的武器，而忽略自身在女性选民中的劣势。
“通过在性别议题上的正面交锋，特朗普表示不会因为克林顿是女性就放弃女性选民以及所谓女性议题，” 共和党民意调查专家（同时领导着一个支持参议员Senator Ted Cruz的“超级政治行动委员会”）Kellyanne Conway说。
“他正借势给克林顿的优势制造阴影，”康韦（Ms. Conway）女士在邮件中提到，像2004年袭击约翰·克里的战争记录，就是把优势转为劣势从而使焦点由总统布什的缺陷转移。
康韦（Ms. Conway）补充道，特朗普可以攻击克林顿在主张诸如不公平薪酬问题上落实不到位，以期破坏她的名声。
“之后他将说：‘女士们，她的确与你们相同性别，但除此之外别无其他，’”康韦（Ms. Conway）说道。“‘你们数年挣得的她只需25分钟不那么有趣的演讲便可从华尔街那儿赚到。’”
随着民主党初选接近尾声，克林顿顾问团表示他们已经分析了为何特朗普的攻击对共和党竞争者诸如杰布·布什、参议员鲁比奥具有如此有破坏力，这将决定着克林顿将如何避免同样的陷阱。
周二赢得民主党初选后，克林顿在纽约州查帕阔家中与顾问团相关人士会面，讨论如何战胜特朗普。好戏即将开场。
辩论阶段，克林顿不会以同样的方式回应人身攻击，不会拿特朗普的头发或手掌大小开玩笑。当媒体争相报道特朗普的言论，克林顿竞选计划依旧坚持演讲内容本身，即便这意味着暂时的黯然。当特朗普职责克林顿打女人牌，克林顿将以实现女性同工同酬、提供带薪探亲假期、提高最低工资标准等议题为中心进行反驳。
“不能将竞演变成喜剧性的唇枪舌战，”民主党谋士希拉里·罗森（Hilary Rosen）说。但她还表示，如若不对特朗普的攻击进行有力回击，“可能造成负面影响，这也是克林顿团队正在冥思苦想的问题。”
然而，对特朗普的反击不大可能被置之不理。今年1月，克林顿指责特朗普性别歧视之后，特朗普警告称，讨论比尔·克林顿出轨并无不公，还谴责克林顿曾质疑指责她丈夫出轨的女性的人品，而后夸口说克林顿被吓到了才停止谈论这个话题。
特朗普的三位幕僚坚持匿名讨论竞选的内部商议，暗示他备战秋季竞选时可能重拾这个话题继续攻击。
克林顿的顾问团则表示她不会直接回应这类攻击，也不会因此停止她称特朗普性别歧视的言论。除此之外，她们还将依靠由超级政治行动委员会代理及电视广告支付，反驳特朗普并强调他在女性问题上的言论。
克林顿的幕僚们如何密切关注特朗普的一举一动是有迹可循的，就在上周特朗普的顾问团示意特朗普将会以“更像个总统的样子”规范自己的行为举止之后，克林顿的竞选团队便在网上发布了一条名为“极端分子改头换面”的广告，重放特朗普关于穆斯林、移民以及女性问题极具争议的言论。“当有人告诉你他们是谁，相信他，”克林顿在广告里引用马娅·安杰卢的话如是说道。
但是到周二晚上，特朗普似乎再次转换话题之后，克林顿的幕僚们也相应调整了策略。她在费城发表胜选演讲上，克林顿事先所准备的发言稿中的一句话故意回应此前特朗普关于女性问题的攻击：“如果为女性争取医疗保险、带薪探亲假以及同工同酬就是打‘女人牌’，那么这牌我打定了，”她说。
克林顿胜选演讲过后的私人飞机上，她的幕僚们听说特朗普在克林顿约1小时后的胜选演讲上也谈到“女人牌”这个话题，难以置信自己的好运气。
将两人言论衔接而成不带有任何评论的视频很快就被发送给克林顿的支持者们。
双方盟友将周二晚的交锋视作将在未来几个月展开的大战前的序幕。“我很惊讶他们还没开始卖扑克牌，”支持克林顿的民主党谋士特雷西·塞夫（Tracy Sefl）说。“他们应该会卖疯了吧。”
这一天竟然真的来了。周四，克林顿的竞选团队通过发给支持者“希拉里独家官方美国女人牌”呼吁捐款，一张写着“恭喜！你已成为主流！”的亮粉色信用卡。
