今年是改革开放40周年。无论你是谁,对于改革开放40年间发生在家庭内外的各种变化,一定都有切身的感受。40年中产生了一系列耳熟能详的词汇,今天,请跟随天堂君一起,看看时政篇、经济篇、教育篇和时代强音词汇的翻译。
时政篇
改革开放40年里涌现的时政热词,体现了高层治国理政的思路和智慧,对中国产生了深远的影响。
1、改革开放 reform and opening-up
对内改革(domestic reform)
根本利益(the fundamental interests of the people)
对外开放(opening up)
基本国策(basic national policy)
中国特色社会主义(socialism with Chinese characteristics)
计划经济体制(centrally planned economy)
社会主义市场经济体制(socialist market economy)
世界第二大经济体(the second largest economy in the world)
2、南方谈话 south tour speeches
视察(inspection tour)
一系列讲话(a series of speeches)
必要性和重要性(necessity and significance of deepening reform and speeding up development)
改革开放(reform and opening-up)
中国特色社会主义(socialism with Chinese characteristics)
3、三通 three direct links
两岸“三通”是指台湾海峡两岸(即台湾和大陆)之间双向的直接通邮、通商与通航(direct links in post, trade and transportation)
和平统一(peaceful reunification)
春节包机(charter flights during the Spring Festival)
货运包机(charter cargo flights)
4、一国两制 one country, two systems
社会主义制度(the socialist system)
资本主义制度(the capitalist system)
“港人治港”(the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong)
“澳人治澳”(the people of Macao governing Macao)
高度自治的方针(a high degree of autonomy)
一个中国原则(one-China principle)
坚持“九二共识” (the 1992 Consensus)
推进祖国和平统一进程(advance the process toward the peaceful reunification of China)
5、科学发展观 scientific outlook on development
以人为本(putting people first)
全面、协调、可持续的发展观(comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development)
促进经济社会和人的全面发展”,按照“统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放(promote a balanced growth between urban and rural areas, different regions, economic and social undertakings, man and nature as well as domestic progress and opening-up to the world)
6、依法治国 rule of law
依法治国(rule of law)
社会主义市场经济(socialist market economy)
社会文明进步(social civilization progress)
国家长治久安(enduring peace and stability of the country)
建设社会主义法治国家(building a socialist country under the rule of law)
完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系(improve a socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics in which the Constitution is taken as the core)
加快建设法治政府(speed up building a law-abiding government)
提高司法公信力(improve judicial credibility)
增强全民法治观念(promote the public awareness of rule of law)
加强法治工作队伍建设;加强和改进党对全面推进依法治国的领导(improve team building and to sharpen the CPC’s leadership in pushing forward rule of law)
7、中国梦 Chinese dream
中华民族伟大复兴(the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation)
国家富强(prosperity of the country)
民族振兴(rejuvenation of the nation)
人民幸福(happiness of the people)
8、“一带一路”倡议 Belt and Road Initiative
“丝绸之路经济带”(the Silk Road Economic Belt)
“21世纪海上丝绸之路” (the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road)
区域合作平台(platform for regional cooperation)
合作伙伴关系(cooperative partnership)
利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体(community with shared interests, a shared future and responsibility)
9、电子政务 e-government
电子政务(e-government)
现代信息技术(modern information technology)
网络技术(internet technology)
办公自动化技术(office automation technology)
公共服务(public service)
网络服务器(web server)
10、乡村振兴战略 rural vitalization strategy
农业农村农民问题(issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers)
全党工作的重中之重(a central place on the work agenda of the Party)
产业兴旺(thriving businesses)
生态宜居(pleasant living environment)
乡风文明(social etiquette and civility)
治理有效(effective governance)
生活富裕(prosperity)
摆脱贫困(out of poverty)
11、人类命运共同体 a community with a shared future for mankind
人类命运共同体(a community with a shared future for mankind)
冷战思维(Cold War mentality)
强权政治(power politics)
零和游戏(zero-sum game)
以邻为壑(beggar-thy-neighbor policies)
坚持以对话解决争端(settle disputes and disagreements through dialogue and consultation)
以协商化解分歧(replace estrangement with exchange)
12、精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation
精准扶贫(targeted poverty alleviation)
严格坚持现行扶贫标准(authorities should stick to the current poverty relief standards)
不能擅自拔高标准,也不能降低标准(should not make arbitrary decisions to raise or lower the standards)
农村贫困人口实现脱贫,贫困县摘帽(lifting all rural poor and impoverished counties out of poverty)
消除绝对贫困(eliminating absolute poverty)
13、反腐 anti-corruption
查处领导干部违纪违法案件(handling law-breaking cases of leading officials)
要坚持党纪国法面前没有例外(no exceptions will be made when it comes to Party discipline and law)
不管涉及到谁,都要一查到底,决不姑息(no leniency will be granted to those found guilty, no matter who is involved)
巡视(discipline inspection)
全覆盖(full-scale inspection)
猎狐行动(Fox Hunt)和“天网”行动(Sky Net)
经济篇
1、家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system
集体经济组织(collective economic organization)
基本经济制度(basic economic system)
对内改革(internal reform)
生产力(productivity)
黄金时代(golden age)
2、经济特区 special economic zone
改革开放(reform and opening-up)
国家级高新区(national high-tech zone)
保税区(bonded area)、出口加工区(export processing zone)
保税物流园区(bonded logistic park)
保税港区(bonded port area)和综合保税区(comprehensive bonded area)
3、下海 venture into business, jump into the business world
市场竞争(market competition)
政府机关(government organs)
国有企业(State-owned enterprises)
个体户(self-employed entrepreneur)
外资企业(foreign enterprise)
停薪留职(retain the job but suspend the salary)
4、“三农”问题 issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area
农村问题学者正式提出(formally raised by researchers on rural issues)
中央一号文件(No 1 central document)
社会主义现代化(socialist modernization)
5、西部大开发 Western Development
调整结构(adjust structure)
搞好基础设施(focus on infrastructure)
生态环境(environment)
科技教育(technology and education)
投资环境初步改善(improve investment environment)
全面升级(all-round upgrade)
边远山区(remote mountainous areas)
落后农牧区(agricultural and pastoral areas)
6、入世 joining the WTO
世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization, WTO)
改革开放进入历史新阶段的标志(a new stage in China's reform and opening-up)
早在2010年,中国降税承诺就已全部履行完毕(by 2010, China had fulfilled all of its tariff reduction commitments)
服务贸易(trade in services)
市场准入(market access)
外商投资(foreign investment)
7、南水北调工程 South-to-North Water Diversion Project
西气东输(West-to-East natural gas transmission)
西电东送(West-to-East power transmission)
水资源短缺(water shortage)
世界上最大的调水工程(the largest water diversion project in the world)
调水(transfer water)
8、一揽子经济刺激计划 economic stimulus package
国际金融危机(global financial crisis)
农民工(migrant workers)
扩大内需(expand domestic demand)
减税(structural tax cut)
产业调整(industrial restructuring)
自主创新(independent innovation)
提高社会保障(improve social security)
9、自由贸易试验区free trade pilot zone
贸易和投资(trade and investment)
豁免关税(duty exemption)
自由贸易港(establishment of free trade port)
世界上开放程度最高的一种经济区形式(the world's most open form of economic zone)
中国特色自由贸易港(free trade port with Chinese characteristics)
10、新常态 new normal
从高速增长转为中高速增长(the economy has shifted gear from the previous high speed to a medium-to-high speed growth)
结构——经济结构不断优化升级(the economic structure is constantly improved and upgraded)
动力——从要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动(the economy is increasingly driven by innovation instead of input and investment)
11、沪港通 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect
债券通(Bond Connect)
沪伦通(Shanghai-London Stock Connect)
存托凭证(Depository Receipts, DR)
新型城镇化 new urbanization; new type of urbanization
第一产业(primary industry)
第二、第三产业(secondary and tertiary industries)
基础设施一体化和公共服务均等化(infrastructure integration and public service equalization)
促进经济社会发展(promote economic and social development)
实现共同富裕(achieve common prosperity)
可复制、可推广的经验(duplicatable practices)
在全国范围内推广试点地区的成功经验(promote the successful practices around the country)
12、人民币“入篮” RMB inclusion in the SDR; Renminbi joins SDR
国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund, IMF)
特别提款权(Special Drawing Rights, SDR)
将人民币纳入特别提款权货币篮子(include the RMB in the SDR currency basket)
中国经济融入全球金融体系的一个重要里程碑(an important milestone in the integration of the Chinese economy into the global financial system)
中国过去多年来在改革其货币和金融体系方面取得的成就的认可(recognition of China's achievements in reform of monetary and financial systems)
13、雄安新区 Xiongan New Area
党中央继京津冀协同发展(coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)
世界级城市群(world-class city cluster)
国家级新区(state-level new area)
重要引擎(important engine of China's economic growth)
14、双创 mass entrepreneurship and innovation
夏季达沃斯论坛(Summer Davos Forum)
大众创业、万众创新” (mass entrepreneurship and innovation)
世界互联网大会(World Internet Conference)
“创客”(makers)
创业精神(entrepreneurship)
教育篇
1、高考 national college entrance exam
选拔性考试(selective exams)
自主命题(independent proposition)
学业水平(academic achievements)
公平公正(fair and impartial)
2、211工程 Project 211
“211工程”即面向21世纪、重点建设100所左右的高等学校和一批重点学科的建设工程(the project of building 100 or so key higher educational institutions and a number of key disciplines for the 21st century)
3、985工程 Project 985
《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划(Action Plan for Education Rejuvenation for the 21st Century)》
4、扩招 enrollment expansion
大学入学率(enrollment rate)
精英教育(elite education)
大众化教育(mass education)
5、保研 postgraduate recommendation
全国研究生入学考试(national postgraduate entrance examination)
提交申请材料(submit application materials)
全面发展(all-round development)
6、自主招生 independent recruitment
有门槛高(high threshold)
通过率低(low pass rate)
高考降分录取(be enrolled at a score lower than a normal enrollment line)
7、留学 overseas study
经济全球化(economic globalization)
世界最大留学生生源国(the largest origin of international students)
自费留学(self-funded overseas study)
低龄化的趋势(present a low age tendency)
海归(overseas returnee)
8、高考移民 national college entrance exam migrant
获取加分(get bonus points)
教育公平(undermine the fairness of education)
教育资源的分配不均(the uneven distribution of educational resources)
9、游学 overseas study tour
中产阶层的壮大(a growing middle class)
海外游学(participate in overseas study tours)
能丰富孩子的教育和生活经历(enrich their children's educational and life experiences)
全球视角(global perspectives)
提高语言能力(improve their language skills)
10、双一流 “Double First-Class” initiative
一流大学建设高校共计42所(42 universities and colleges will be developed into first-class educational institutions)
一流学科建设高校共计95所(95 universities will focus on building their preponderant disciplines into first-rate ones)
“双一流”("Double First-Class" initiative)
若干所大学和一批学科进入世界一流行列(a number of universities and disciplines are developed into world-class ones)
若干学科进入世界一流学科前列(a number of disciplines are in the leading position among world-class disciplines)
到本世纪中叶,一流大学和一流学科的数量和实力进入世界前列(the number and capability of first-class universities and disciplines ranks among the best in the world)
基本建成高等教育强国(make China an international higher education power)
时代强音
1、解放思想,实事求是 Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts
《解放思想,实事求是,团结一致向前看》(Emancipating the Mind, Seeking Truth from Facts, Uniting as One and Looking to the Future)
2、从我做起,从现在做起 It starts with me, it starts now
座右铭(a motto for a generation)
3、五讲四美三热爱 five emphases, four points of beauty and three loves
“五讲”即“讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德”(emphasize decorum, manners, hygiene, discipline and morals)
“四美”即“心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美”(beauty of the mind, language, behavior and environment)
“三热爱”即“热爱共产党、热爱祖国、热爱社会主义”(love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party)
4、团结起来,振兴中华! Unite to revitalize China!
5、时间就是金钱,效率就是生命 Time is money, efficiency is life
深圳经济特区(Shenzhen Special Economic Zone)作为改革开放的“试验田” (the "experimental field" of China's reform and opening-up)
6、冲出亚洲 走向世界 Out of Asia, into the world
7、贫穷不是社会主义 Poverty is not socialism
“搞社会主义,一定要使生产力发达,贫穷不是社会主义。”(To build socialism, it is necessary to develop the productive forces. Poverty is not socialism.)
8、发展才是硬道理 Development is the absolute principle
“我们的国家一定要发展,不发展就会受人欺负,发展才是硬道理。”(Our country must develop, and if it does not develop, it will be bullied by others. Development is the absolute principle.)
9、要想富,先修路! If you want wealth, build roads first!
路通才能财通(wide roads will allow wealth to roll in)
10、同一个世界,同一个梦想 One World One Dream
奥林匹克精神的实质(the essence of the Olympic Spirit)团结、友谊、进步、和谐、参与和梦想(unity, friendship, progress, harmony, participation and dreams)
世界纪录(world records)
奥运纪录(Olympic records)
是奥运历史上首个登上金牌榜首的亚洲国家(the first Asian country topping the Olympic gold medal tally)
11、撸起袖子加油干 Roll up our sleeves to work harder
“上下同欲者胜”(As one saying goes, "success comes to those who share in one purpose". )
13亿多人民(1.3 billion-plus people)
和衷共济(are pulled together for a common cause)
我们就一定能够走好我们这一代人的长征路 (We will surely succeed in a Long March of our generation.)
社会文化篇
1、婚纱照 wedding photo
证件照(identification photo)
黑白结婚照(black and white wedding photo)
物质生活(material life)
时尚观念(ideas of fashion)
影楼(photography studio)
婚纱(wedding dress)
外景地(shooting location)
2、下岗再就业 re-employment after being laid off
外需(overseas demand)
内需(domestic demand)
经济萧条期(economic recession)
产业链条的停滞(stagnation of the industrial chain)
下岗(laid off)
失业(out of work)
失业人员(unemployed people)
劳动关系(sever labor relation)
保证最低生活需要的条件下(guaranteed minimum living conditions)
职业培训(vocational training)
再就业(re-employment)
3、农民工 migrant workers
非农业工作(non-agricultural work)
工业化(industrialization)
城镇化(urbanization)
一支新型劳动大军(a new type of work force)
产业工人(industrial workers)
现代化建设(modernization construction)
新生代农民工(new generation of migrant workers)
经济收入(income)
文化程度(educational level)
归属感(sense of belonging)
4、双休日 two-day weekend
家务活(house chores)
电视台(TV stations)
黄金时间(prime time)
综合性娱乐节目(comprehensive entertaining programs)
假日经济(holiday economy)
5、房奴 mortgage slave
福利分房(welfare-oriented public housing distribution system)
住宅商品化(commercialization of housing)
商品房(commodity housing)
多年辛苦得来的积蓄(hard-earned savings)
巨额房贷(housing mortgage loan)
占可支配收入(disposable income)
偿还贷款本息(repaying the loan principals and interests)
房租(house rent)
6、黄金周 Golden Week
劳动节(Labor Day)
国庆节(National Day)
假日旅游热潮(holiday travel rush)
集中出行(mass travel)
交通拥堵(traffic jams)
景区爆棚(crowded scenic spots)
自由行(independent travel)
亲子游(family trip)
定制游(custom-made travel)
出境游(outbound travel)
乡村游(country tour)
更加规范有序(more standardized and orderly)
文明程度(level of civilization)
全面落实带薪休假制度(all-round implementation of paid vacation system)
7、选秀 talent show
选美(beauty pageant)
泳装(swimsuits)
《超级女声》(Super Girls)
全民偶像(super idol)
视频网站(video sites)
网络自制综艺(homemade online variety shows)
真人秀(reality shows)
亲子秀(family shows)
8、跳槽 job-hopping
“统包统配”(centralized labor allocation system)
“铁饭碗”(iron rice bowl / secure job)
企业用工制度(enterprise employment system)
经济特区(special economic zones)
沿海开放城市(coastal cities)
发展空间(development space)
升职加薪(promotion and salary increase)
实现自我价值(achieve self-worth)
9、网红 online celebrity
被大量网民关注(be followed by a large number of netizens)
走红(go viral)
文化圈(cultural circle)
娱乐生活(recreational life)
集体记忆(collective memory)
网络平台(online platforms)
文化多元时代(multicultural era)
炒作(hype)
策划团队(planning team)
购买力(purchasing power)
10、红包 red packet
老式家庭(old-school families)
过年(Spring Festival)
婚嫁(wedding)
大行其道(become popular)
无纸化(paper-free)
电子货币化(popularization of electronic currency)
微信红包(WeChat red packets)
长辈对晚辈的馈赠(the gift of the elder to the younger)
11、厕所革命 toilet revolution
旅游厕所的数量过少(insufficient number of tourist restrooms)
卫生质量低劣(unhygienic conditions)
以及管理缺位(lack of management)
12、积分落户 point-based household registration
合法稳定就业指标(legal and stable employment)
合法稳定住所指标(legal and stable residence)
教育背景指标(educational background)
职住区域指标(area of employment and residence)
创新创业指标(innovation and entrepreneurial ability)
纳税指标(tax)
年龄指标(age)
荣誉表彰指标(awards and honors)
守法记录指标(legal record)