2019年5月15日外交部发言人耿爽
主持例行记者会
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang's
Regular Press Conference on May 15, 2019
消息发布
应俄罗斯联邦总统驻伏尔加河沿岸联邦区全权代表卡马罗夫邀请，国务委员王勇将于5月21日至24日赴俄罗斯举行中国长江中上游地区和俄罗斯伏尔加河沿岸联邦区地方合作理事会第三次会议。
At the invitation of Igor Komarov, Russian Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the Volga Federal District, State Councilor Wang Yong will travel to Russia from May 21 to 24 to hold the third meeting of the council of cooperation between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Volga Federal District.
1
问：据报道，美国总统特朗普预计将签署一项行政令，禁止美国公司从美方认为可能具有国家安全隐患的外国企业那里购买电信设备。外界猜测这一行政令将禁止美国企业从华为等公司购买设备。中方对此有何评论？
Q: According to reports, US President Trump is expected to sign an executive order that will ban US companies from using telecom equipment made by companies that the US considers a national security concern. An indication is that this will be used to ban American companies from buying from companies like Huawei. I wonder if you could comment on that?
答：一段时间以来，美方滥用国家力量不择手段地蓄意抹黑和打压特定的中国企业，既不光彩、也不公正。对他们的动机，世人早已看得清清楚楚。
A: For some time, the US has been abusing its national power to tarnish the image of and suppress specific Chinese companies, which is disgraceful and unjust. The world knows clearly what its intentions are.
我们敦促美方停止借口安全问题对中国企业进行无理打压，为中国企业在美开展正常的投资运营提供公平、公正、非歧视的环境。
We urge the US side to stop oppressing Chinese companies under the pretext of security concerns and provide a fair, just and non-discriminatory environment for their normal investment and operation.
2
问：昨天你宣布了巴西副总统莫朗访华的消息，能否介绍一下此访有关安排？另外，我们注意到莫朗副总统13日接受媒体采访时表示，巴西对“一带一路”倡议抱有期待，愿听取中方合作建议。请问中方是否欢迎巴西参与“一带一路”建设？
Q: You announced yesterday that Brazilian Vice President Mourão is going to visit China. Do you have more details? We also noted that he said in an interview on May 13 that Brazil has expectations for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and is willing to hear China's advice on cooperation. Does China welcome Brazil's participation in the BRI?
答：应国家副主席王岐山邀请，巴西副总统莫朗将于5月19日至24日对中国进行正式访问。根据我目前掌握的情况，莫朗副总统访华期间，国家主席习近平、全国政协主席汪洋将同他会见，王岐山副主席将为他举行欢迎仪式和欢迎宴会，并共同主持召开中国—巴西高层协调与合作委员会第五次会议。莫朗副总统还将访问上海，并出席两国经贸、文化活动。
A: At the invitation of Vice President Wang Qishan, Brazilian Vice President Mourão will pay an official visit to China from May 19 to 24. President Xi Jinping and the CPPCC Chairman Wang Yang will meet with him. Vice President Wang Qishan will hold a welcome ceremony and banquet for him, and they will co-chair the fifth meeting of the China-Brazil High Level Coordination and Cooperation Committee. Vice President Mourão will also attend economic and cultural events in Shanghai.
中国和巴西分别是东西半球最大的发展中国家，都是重要的新兴市场国家，中巴关系是成熟而稳健的发展中大国关系。近年来两国在贸易、投资、金融等领域的务实合作取得了丰硕成果，给两国人民带来了实实在在的利益。今年是中巴建交45周年。中方相信，莫朗副总统此访将进一步增进双方政治互信，深化两国各领域互利友好合作，丰富中巴全面战略伙伴关系内涵。
China and Brazil are important emerging markets and the biggest developing countries in the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The China-Brazil relationship is a mature and sound one between major developing countries. In recent years we have achieved fruitful outcomes in practical cooperation in trade, investment, finance and other fields, bringing tangible benefits to the two peoples. This year marks the 45th anniversary of diplomatic ties between China and Brazil. We believe Vice President Mourão's visit will enhance political mutual trust, deepen mutually beneficial and friendly cooperation across the board, and add new dimensions to our comprehensive strategic partnership.
我们对巴西参与共建“一带一路”持开放和欢迎态度。我们多次说过，“一带一路”倡议秉持共商共建共享原则，是开放、包容、透明的经济合作倡议，欢迎所有志同道合的国家参与。中方愿与巴方积极探讨在“一带一路”框架下对接发展规划，促进互联互通，实现共同发展、互利共赢。
We remain open to and welcome Brazil's participation in the BRI. Like we said on many occasions, the BRI is an open, inclusive and transparent initiative for cooperation which follows the principle of consultation and collaboration for shared benefits. We welcome all like-minded countries to join it. China is ready to discuss with Brazil ways to create synergy between our development plans for greater connectivity, common development and win-win results.
3
问：美国财政部称将很快与中方举行新一轮经贸磋商。中方是否已邀请美方官员来中国磋商？
Q: The US Treasury Department said that it expects to hold more trade talks with China soon. Has China invited more US officials to come for the talks?
答：我知道你们一直很关心中美经贸磋商，但是关于磋商的具体安排，我还是建议你向主管部门去询问。
A: I know you have been closely following the China-US trade talks, but I'd still refer you to the competent authority for the specifics.
4
问：美国国务卿蓬佩奥昨天结束对俄罗斯的首次访问。中方对俄罗斯和美国关系有所改善有何评论？
Q: US Secretary of State Pompeo concluded his first visit to Russia yesterday. Do you have any comment on the improvement of the relationship between Russia and the US?
答：美国和俄罗斯都是联合国安理会常任理事国和具有重要国际影响的大国。中方乐见美俄加强沟通对话、改善彼此关系，相信这有利于维护世界和平稳定，也有利于国际社会携手应对各种全球性挑战。
A: Both the US and Russia are permanent members of the UN Security Council with major influence worldwide. China is pleased to see more dialogue and improved relationship between the US and Russia. We believe this will contribute to world peace and stability and international efforts in addressing global challenges.
5
问：近日，美国总统特朗普连续发推特称，美国农民会成为对华加征关税的最大的受益者之一。中国可能会对美国农民有一定程度的报复，但美国将致力于向本国农民提供援助。此外，特朗普总统还称，美国消费者没有理由为对华关税买单。中方对此有何评论？
Q: US President Trump said in his recent tweets that American farmers would be among the biggest beneficiaries of additional tariffs on Chinese products. China may take some revenge on American farmers, but the US government will offer them assistance. He also said that there was no reason for US consumers to pay for the tariffs. I wonder what is your response?
答：美方的说法完全是混淆视听。美国的农民和美国的消费者都是无辜的，他们“被代言”了。
A: Such remarks were made to muddy the waters. The innocent American farmers and consumers are mistakenly "spoken on behalf of".
近日，美国大豆、玉米、小麦等农业组织发表联合声明，明确反对美对华加征关税。美国玉米种植者协会负责人表示，美国农业需要的是确定性而不是关税。美国农民一直在耐心等待中美经贸磋商的成果，但这种耐心正不断消逝。美全国农民联合会指出，美农民正在应对农产品价格疲软、自然灾害等问题，难以再承受中方的报复性关税。还有机构表示，农场主需要的是合同，而不是政府补贴。
Recently, US agricultural associations in the soybean, corn and wheat industries jointly issued a statement to oppose additional tariffs on Chinese products. Head of the National Corn Grower Association said that the agricultural sector needs certainties rather than tariffs, and that the American farmers waiting for the result of the trade talks are losing patience. According to the National Farmers Union, as the American farmers are busy dealing with lower prices of agricultural products and natural disasters, they cannot afford China's retaliatory tariffs. As some US institutions noted, farmers need contracts rather than subsidies.
事实上，过去几年，中国一直是美国农产品的主要买家。就以大豆为例，2017年，美国约有60%的大豆销往中国，中国是美国大豆的最大出口目的地。但双方发生贸易摩擦以来，美国大豆的对华出口大幅下降。正如美国大豆协会负责人日前所说，美国花了40年才建立了中国大豆市场，随着贸易战持续，这一市场将难以恢复。
In fact, in the past several years, China has been a major buyer of American agricultural products. Let's look at soybeans. China, being the biggest buyer, imported about 60 percent of soybeans produced in America in 2017. But after the trade disputes began, the US soybean exports to China dropped significantly. Head of the American Soybean Association noted, it took the US 40 years to foster the Chinese market for soybeans, and it won't be easy to restore such a market as the trade war continues.
至于美方声称本国消费者不会为对华加征关税买单，我想这与常理相悖。消费者最终不买单，那谁来买单？根据美国经济学家公开发表的一项研究，加征关税使美消费者和进口商去年每月损失44亿美元。美有关行业组织近日来多次发表声明称，美对华加征关税是一种错误做法，如果继续，将使美国家庭年均支出增加2300美元。还有美国媒体直截了当地指出，美国消费者是贸易战的炮灰。
Regarding the US claim that its consumers will not pay for the tariffs, I think it's simply against common sense. Who, if not the consumers, will pay? According to a published study by US economists, the additional tariffs cost American consumers and importers $4.4 billion every month last year. In their published statements, relevant industry organizations noted that imposing additional tariffs on Chinese products was a wrong approach which, if continued, would cost an average American household an additional $2,300 every year. US media put it in a more straightforward way that American consumers were the casualties of the trade war.
还是我昨天说的那句话。我们奉劝美方看一看国际社会的反应，听一听各界人士的呼声，算一算自身利益的得失，早日认清形势，回归正轨，同中方相向而行，争取在相互尊重的基础上达成一个互利双赢的协议。
Like I said yesterday, we advise the US to heed the call of the international community and people from various sectors, carefully weigh its gains and losses, grasp the situation and get back on the right track as soon as possible. We advise the US to make concerted efforts with China for an agreement beneficial to both sides on the basis of mutual respect.
6
问：美国国务卿蓬佩奥访问俄罗斯期间,美俄双方都表达了改善双边关系的积极意愿。美方称美俄并非在所有问题上都是对手。中方是否担心这可能会影响中俄关系？
Q: During US Secretary of State Pompeo's visit to Russia, both sides showed willingness to improve bilateral relations. The US said they are not always rivals on all issues. Are you worried this may affect China-Russia relations?
答：关于美俄此轮互动，我刚才已经表明了中方的态度。
A: I just made clear China's attitude on the latest interactions between the US and Russia.
至于你关心美俄互动会不会影响中俄关系，中方对此毫不担心。中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系建立在牢固的政治互信和坚定的相互支持基础之上。在两国元首的战略引领和指导下，中俄关系目前处于历史最高水平。王毅国务委员兼外长刚刚访问了俄罗斯，同俄方就习主席下月赴俄进行国事访问进行了详细的对表和充分的政治准备，也就重大国际和地区热点问题深入交换了看法。
As to your question on whether this will affect China-Russia relations, China is not worried about that at all. The China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination is built on the basis of solid political mutual trust and mutual support. Under the strategic guidance of our Presidents, our relationship is now at its historical height. During State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi's recent visit to Russia, he compared notes and made full political preparations with the Russian side for President Xi's upcoming state visit to Russia next month. The two sides also exchanged views on major international and regional hotspot issues.
中俄都认为，单边主义、霸凌主义行径不得人心，也不可能持久，合作共赢才是各国追求的目标。中俄愿同国际社会其他成员一道，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，坚定维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序，旗帜鲜明地倡导多边主义和开放型世界经济，合力应对各种全球性挑战，携手构建人类命运共同体。
As China and Russia both believe, unilateral and bullying practices are deeply unpopular and will not last long, while win-win cooperation remains the pursuit of all countries. China and Russia stand ready to work with the rest of the international community to uphold the international system with the UN at its core and the international order based on international law, champion multilateralism and an open world economy, jointly address global challenges and build a community with a shared future for mankind.
7
问：中方此前回答中美贸易问题时一直使用“贸易摩擦”，但昨天开始使用“贸易战”一词。这一变化原因何在？是不是中方认为中美贸易冲突升级，所以才使用“贸易战”一词？
Q: You had been using the word "trade disputes" when replying to questions related to the China-US trade talks previously. But you began saying "trade war" from yesterday. What is the reason for such change? Is it because China believes the trade disputes have escalated?
答：你可能对我们的表态有一些过度解读。
A: I think you may have over-interpreted our words.
我们一直在说，对于贸易战，中国不想打、不愿打，但也绝不怕打。把双方贸易摩擦定义为贸易战并挑起贸易战的是美方，而不是中方。我们采取的反制措施完全是正当防卫。
As I kept saying, China doesn't want a trade war, but is by no means afraid of fighting one. It is the US, not China, that defined the trade friction as a trade war and started it. The countermeasures China has taken are entirely for legitimate self-defense.
8
问：你昨天说“如果有人打到家门口”是指美国全面加征关税吗？如果美国对中国商品全面加征关税，这是不是就是“贸易战”了？
Q: When you talked about "bringing a war to our doorstep" yesterday, did you mean the act of the US to raise tariffs on all Chinese products? If the US were to impose additional tariffs on all Chinese goods, would you consider it a trade war then?
答：你们似乎很希望中美之间进入贸易战。告诉你，贸易战不符合中美利益，也不符合国际社会共同利益，也不是各方的期待。当务之急是美方认清形势，回归正轨，同中方相向而行，在相互尊重基础上达成互利双赢的协议。
A: It almost seems that you want to see a trade war between China and the US. Let me tell you, a trade war will not serve the interests of either side or the international community, and it is by no means what the world is looking for. The pressing task for the US at the moment is to judiciously grasp the situation, get back on the right track and make concerted efforts with China for a mutually beneficial agreement on the basis of mutual respect.
同时，我愿再次重申，对于美方单边主义做法和霸凌行径，我们一定会采取必要的反制，我们有信心、有能力维护自己的合法正当权益。
At the same time, I'd like to reaffirm that we will take necessary countermeasures against the unilateral and bullying practices of the US side. We have the confidence and capability to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests.
9
问：昨天，美国参议员提交议案，要求美政府制定一份中国人民解放军下属科研和工程机构名单，该议案将禁止受雇于中国军方或受其资助的中方人员获取赴美国留学或科研类签证。你是否了解这一情况？对此有何评论？
Q: Yesterday US Senators introduced a legislation requiring the government to develop a list of scientific and engineering institutions affiliated with the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The bill would prohibit individuals employed or sponsored by those Chinese military institutions from receiving student or research visas to the US. I wonder if you are aware of that legislation? What is your comment?
答：一段时间以来，美方一些部门、机构毫无依据地怀疑中方赴美学者、学生和科技人员动机，不择手段地进行限制和骚扰，为两国正常人文交流设置种种障碍，对中美互信合作产生干扰。
A: For some time, certain US departments and agencies have cast baseless suspicion over the motives of Chinese scholars, students and scientific and technological personnel going to the US. They use every possible means to restrict and harass them and set up various obstacles to the normal people-to-people exchange, which disrupted trust and cooperation between the two countries.
人员往来是促进中美各领域交流与合作的基础，符合两国人民的共同利益，不应被政治化或无端限制。我们希望美方有关人士客观公正看待双方人员往来，停止对中方学者、学生等人员赴美施加限制措施，为两国各领域交流合作创造更好的条件，而不是设置障碍。
People-to-people exchange, being the foundation for communication and cooperation, serves common interests of both countries and thus should not be politicized or wantonly restricted. We hope the relevant US individuals will view it objectively and fairly, and stop taking restrictive measures on scholars, students and other Chinese citizens going to the US. It should create better conditions for, rather than setting up obstacles to exchanges and cooperation between the two countries.
10
问：我们注意到，国际社会这两天对中美新一轮互征关税普遍表示忧虑，认为中美经贸摩擦升级会对世界经济带来新的不确定性。有人用“晴雨不定”来形容当前的世界经济形势，并将贸易问题列为“全球最大的不确定性因素”。中方对此有何回应？准备采取什么样的措施来缓解各方忧虑？
Q: We noted that there have been widespread concerns over the new round of additional tariffs between China and the US. Some believe escalated disputes will bring more uncertainties to world economy. Some have described the global economic landscape as "unpredictable" and labeled the trade issue as "the biggest uncertainty". How do you respond to that? Is China going to take any measures to ease such worries?
答：我们注意到国际社会的反应，对各方的忧虑表示理解。的确，中美经贸摩擦升级不符合任何一方利益，而且会拖累世界经济。
A: We have noted the reactions of the international community and understand the concerns of various parties. Indeed, the escalation of China-US trade disputes is not in the interests of either side and will put a drag on world economy.
但我要明确告诉大家的是，是美国挑起的贸易争端，不是中国；是美国打响了加征关税的第一枪，不是中国；是美国在反复操弄极限施压，不是中国。迄今为止，中方所作所为完全是针对美方无理行径的反制，纯属自卫反击。中方这么做，既是为了捍卫自身的合法正当权益，也是为了维护多边主义和自由贸易体制。
But I would like to make it clear: it is the US that provoked the trade disputes, not China; it is the US that fired the first shot in raising tariffs, not China; it is the US that repeatedly resorted to maximum pressuring, not China. What China has done so far is entirely self-defense against the unreasonable acts of the US side. By so doing, we are not only defending our own legitimate rights and interests, but also safeguarding multilateralism and the free trading system.
作为世界前两大经济体，中美经贸关系既对两国意义重大，也对全球经济发展有着举足轻重的作用。美方本应与中方一道，肩负起应有的责任，推动全球经济增长。但美方却一意孤行，单方面发起贸易战，多次在中方满怀诚意进行磋商之时，违背双方共识，对华加征关税。
The economic and trade relations between China and the US, the two biggest economies in the world, are of great significance to the two countries and the global economy. The US should have worked with China and shouldered its responsibilities for global growth. But on the contrary, it insisted on staging a trade war unilaterally and repeatedly increased tariffs on Chinese goods against standing consensus while China has kept full sincerity for the consultations.
谁是新一轮中美关税战的始作俑者，谁是阻碍全球自由贸易的规则破坏者，谁又是拖累世界经济的风险制造者，国际社会自有公论。
The international community has its fair judgment on who is the initiator of the latest round of a tariff war, the rule-breaker in free trade and the generator of risks in global economy.
我们希望美方能够听一听国际社会的理性和正义呼声，早日认清形势，回归正轨，同中方相向而行，争取在相互尊重的基础上达成一个互利双赢的协议。这不仅对中美两国有利，也是国际社会的普遍期待。
We hope the US will heed the international community's call of ration and justice, keenly grasp the situation, return to the right track as early as possible, meet China halfway and strive for a mutually beneficial agreement on the basis of mutual respect. It will be conducive to China, the US and the international community.
11
问：据报道，连日来，美国总统特朗普多次对记者称，中国的经济不太好，中方十分渴望与美方达成经贸协议。中方是否认同美方看法？中方如何评估中美贸易摩擦对中国经济造成的影响？
Q: In the past days, US President Trump told reporters many times that China's economy was not so good, and that China very much wanted to make a deal. Do you agree on that? How do you see the impact of trade disputes on the Chinese economy?
答：美方的说法毫无依据。他们又不是中国的经济主管部门，凭什么总就中国经济状况搞新闻发布，而且内容完全虚假不实。
A: Such remarks are just baseless. They are not the Chinese economic authority. On what grounds do they always feed fake information on Chinese economy to reporters?
事实上，中国经济一直保持平稳增长，呈现积极向好势头。美国的贸易保护主义措施会对中国经济造成一定影响，但完全可以克服。我们有信心、有能力抵御任何外部风险和冲击。我这里有一些数据：
The fact is, the Chinese economy is growing steadily with a positive momentum. Trade protectionist measures of the US side will have some impact on our economy, but we can totally overcome it. We have the confidence and capability to guard against any external risks and impacts. Here I have some statistics for you.
今年一季度，中国国内生产总值同比增长6.4%，增速超出预期。特别值得一提的是，内需已成为拉动中国经济增长的主要引擎，去年中国消费对经济增长的贡献率已达76.2%。不久前，国际货币基金组织发布《世界经济展望报告》，将2019年全球经济增长预期下调至3.3%，但将中国经济增长预期上调了0.1个百分点至6.3%。这也是世界主要经济体中唯一被上调的国家。
In the first quarter this year, China's GDP grew by 6.4 percent year on year, which is more than expected. In particular, domestic demand has become the main driver for growth. Last year, consumption contributed 76.2 percent of our economic growth. In its recent World Economic Outlook report, the IMF downgraded its outlook for global economic growth to 3.3 percent while upgrading China's growth to 6.3 percent from 6.2%. China was the only country that got upgraded in the forecast among all major economies.
今年1月至4月，中国外贸进出口同比增长4.3%。其中对欧盟、东盟等出口都出现了大幅增长。中国的贸易伙伴遍天下，中国正加快从贸易大国走向贸易强国，世界各国都想分享中国发展的红利，实现互利共赢。如果有人不愿与中国做生意，自然会有别人来填补空缺。
From January to April this year, China's import and export increased by 4.3 percent year on year, with dramatic rise in export to the EU and ASEAN. With trade partners all around the world, China is turning more rapidly into a strong trading nation. Many countries would like to share China's development dividends. If some country does not want to do business with China, others will soon fill in the vacancy.
中国拥有完备的产业体系，拥有不断增强的科技创新能力，拥有世界上规模最大的中等收入群体，拥有巨大的国内消费市场和投资市场。我们对中国经济前景充满信心，会继续按照自己的节奏和步伐，根据自己的时间表和路线图，坚定推进改革开放，坚定推进经济高质量发展，实现中国经济行稳致远。
China has a well-developed industrial system, growing capability for scientific and technological innovation, the largest middle-income population and a huge market for domestic consumption and investment. With every confidence in our economy, following our own timetable and roadmap, we will continue to advance the reform and opening up and pursue high-quality growth for steady and sustained progress.
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问：鉴于大量石油经霍尔木兹海峡输往中国，中方是否对有关方面威胁关闭霍尔木兹海峡感到担忧？如果该海峡关闭，中方是否有应急预案？
Q: Given that a lot of oil flows from the Hormuz Strait to China, I'd like to ask if China is concerned at all about threats to close the strait? Is China considering a contingency plan if the strait is closed?
答：霍尔木兹海峡是重要的海上运输通道，中方希望各方通过对话方式解决矛盾分歧，共同维护霍尔木兹海峡的和平与稳定。我们也呼吁各方特别是有关域外大国采取负责任的态度，发挥建设性作用。
A: The Hormuz Strait is an important passageway for maritime shipping. We hope all parties can resolve differences through dialogue and jointly uphold peace and stability in the Hormuz Strait. We call on all parties, especially non-regional major country, to make responsible and constructive efforts.
