2019年7月24日，国务院新闻办公室发表《新时代的中国国防》白皮书。这是中国政府自1998年以来发表的第10部国防白皮书，也是党的十八大以来发表的首部综合型国防白皮书。
白皮书全文约2.7万字，正文部分包括国际安全形势、新时代中国防御性国防政策、履行新时代军队使命任务、改革中的中国国防和军队、合理适度的国防开支、积极服务构建人类命运共同体6个章节。
同传：国防白皮书发布会（同传音频）
胡凯红：
Hu Kaihong:
女士们、先生们，大家上午好。欢迎大家出席国务院新闻办今天举办的新闻发布会。今天，中国国务院新闻办公室发表《新时代的中国国防》白皮书，并举办新闻发布会，介绍和解读白皮书的主要内容。出席今天发布会的有：国防部新闻发言人吴谦大校，中央军委联合参谋部作战局蔡志军少将，中央军委政治工作部潘庆华上校，中央军委后勤保障部王太国大校，中央军委改革和编制办公室王伟大校。我是国务院新闻办公室的新闻发言人胡凯红，今天的发布会由我来主持。
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this press conference. Today, the State Council Information Office issued a white paper titled "China's National Defense in the New Era." Here, we will introduce and explain the document's major content.
Present at the conference are: Senior Colonel Wu Qian, spokesperson of the Ministry of National Defense; Major General Cai Zhijun, deputy director general of the Operations Bureau of the Joint Staff Department under the Central Military Commission (CMC); Colonel Pan Qinghua from the Publicity Bureau of the CMC Political Work Department; Senior Colonel Wang Taiguo, deputy director general of the Finance Bureau under the CMC Logistic Support Department; Senior Captain Wang Wei, deputy director general of the Coordination and Supervision Bureau of the CMC Office for Reform and Organizational Structure. I'm Hu Kaihong, spokesperson of the SCIO and host of this press conference.
首先，我对白皮书的内容作一个介绍。
First, I'd like to make a brief introduction of the white paper.
《新时代的中国国防》白皮书是党的十八大以来中国发表的首部综合型国防白皮书，白皮书围绕国际社会对中国军队发展的关切，全面系统介绍新时代中国防御性国防政策的时代特点、重要原则、基本内涵，首次阐明新时代中国军队“四个战略支撑”的使命任务，充分阐明新时代中国国防“永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围”的鲜明特征，充分阐明中国国防开支合理适度，充分阐明新时代中国军队发展的世界意义和中国军队为推动构建人类命运共同体所作的积极贡献。白皮书全文约2.7万字，由前言、正文、结束语和附录四部分组成。
The white paper entitled "China's National Defense in the New Era" is China's first comprehensive document on national defense since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012. It focuses on international community's concerns about the development of the Chinese military, and systematically introduces the characteristics, principles, as well as fundamental connotation of the defensive nature of China's national defense strategy. The white paper also clarifies the mission of the armed forces in regard to the "four strategic supports," which are to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguarding national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; protecting China's overseas interests; and promoting world peace and development. It also clearly demonstrates the distinct features of "never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence" of China's national defense, providing details of the reasonable and appropriate defense expenditure, as well as the global significance of China's armed forces, and its contribution to building a Community with a Shared Future for all Humanity. The white paper comprises around 27,000 Chinese characters, and is divided into four parts, including preface, main body, concluding remarks and appendices.
白皮书指出，当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化、文化多样化深入发展，“和平、发展、合作、共赢”的时代潮流不可逆转，但国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。国际战略格局深刻演变，亚太安全形势总体稳定，中国国家安全面临的风险挑战不容忽视，国际军事竞争日趋激烈，世界并不太平。
The white paper points out that, the world today is undergoing profound changes unimagined in the past century. As economic globalization, growth of the information society, and cultural diversity develop in an increasingly multi-polar world, peace, stable development and win-win cooperation form irreversible trends of the times. Nonetheless, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. The international strategic landscape is undergoing profound changes, though the Asia-Pacific Security situation remains generally stable, the risks and challenges facing China's national security should not be ignored. With increasingly fierce international military competition, the world is not yet a tranquil place.
白皮书指出，中国将始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策。新时代中国国防的根本目标是坚决捍卫国家主权安全、发展利益，鲜明特征是坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围，战略指导是贯彻落实新时代军事战略方针，发展路径是坚持走中国特色强军之路，世界意义是服务构建人类命运共同体。
The white paper also states that China adheres to a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. The fundamental goal of national defense in the new era is to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty, security, and development interests. Never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence is the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era. Implementing the military strategic guideline for a new era is the strategic guidelines for China's national defense. Continuing to strengthen the military in the Chinese way is the way forward for China's national defense in the new era. The global significance is in the service of building a community with a shared future for mankind.
白皮书指出，进入新时代中国军队依据国家安全和发展战略要求，坚决履行党和人民赋予的使命任务，为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度提供战略支撑，为捍卫国家主权、统一领土完整提供战略支撑，为维护国家海外利益提供战略支撑，为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑。
In the new era, in meeting the strategic demands of national security and development, China's armed forces are firmly implementing the missions and tasks entrusted by the CPC and the Chinese people as a whole. They endeavor to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguarding national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, protecting China's overseas interests, and promoting world peace and development.
白皮书指出，进入新时代，中国全面推进国防和军队现代化建设，全面深化国防和军队改革，重塑领导指挥体制，优化规模结构和力量编成，推进军事政策制度改革，调整改革军兵种和武警部队，推进国防和军队全面建设，迈出了强军兴军历史性步伐。
The white paper points out that, in the new era, China is promoting defense policy and military modernization across the board and deepening reform in its national defense program and its armed forces in all respects. China is reforming the leadership and command system; optimizing the size, structure and composition; reforming military policies and institutions, reshuffling PLA and PAP troops, and promoting defense and military development in all respects, by which China has already taken historic steps toward strengthening and revitalizing the armed forces.
白皮书指出，中国军队忠实践行人类命运共同体理念，坚定维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则，推动构建平等互信、合作共赢的新型安全伙伴关系，推动构建地区安全合作架构，妥善处理领土问题和海洋划界争端，积极提供国际公共安全产品，努力为建设持久和平、普遍安全的美好世界作贡献。
The white paper also notes that China's armed forces have responded faithfully to the call for a community with a shared future for mankind, resolutely upholding the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter and building a new-model security partnership featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation. China's armed forces have also spared no efforts to promote regional security cooperation, properly cope with disputes over territory and maritime demarcation, and actively provide international public security goods. These show that China's armed forces are striving for a better world of lasting peace and common security.
白皮书强调，新时代的中国国防，在习近平强军思想指引下，将沿着中国特色强军之路，向着全面建成世界一流军队的宏伟目标奋勇前进。中国军队有决心有信心有能力战胜一切威胁挑战，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚强战略支撑，为服务构建人类命运共同体做出新的更大贡献。
Guided by Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, China's national defense in the new era will stride forward along its own path to build a stronger military and endeavor to achieve the great goal of developing a world-class force in an all-round way. China's armed forces have the determination, confidence and capability to meet all threats and challenges. They stand ready to provide strong strategic support for the realization of the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation, and to make new and greater contributions to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
《新时代的中国国防》白皮书以中、英、法、俄、德、西、阿、日等8个语种发表，由人民出版社、外文出版社分别出版，在全国新华书店发行。
The white paper has been published in Chinese, English, French, Russian, German, Spanish, Arabic and Japanese by the People's Publishing House and Foreign Languages Press. It will be issued across the country by the Xinhua Bookstore.
我就先介绍这些情况。下面，请国防部新闻发言人吴谦大校作介绍。
That's all for the general introduction. Next, I give the floor to Senior Colonel Wu Qian, spokesperson of the Ministry of National Defense.
吴谦：
Wu Qian:
女士们、先生们、朋友们，大家上午好。今天《新时代的中国国防》白皮书正式与大家见面，这是中国政府自1998年以来发表的第10部国防白皮书，也是党的十八大以来发表的首部综合型国防白皮书。发表国防白皮书的目的是为了阐释新时代中国防御性国防政策，向国际社会更好地介绍中国建设巩固国防和强大军队的实践、目的、意义，增进国际社会对中国国防的理解，增进中国与世界各国的互信与合作。
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Today, the white paper "China's National Defense in the New Era" makes its debut to the world. It is the 10th white paper on national defense that the Chinese government has issued since 1998 and the first comprehensive one since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012. The white paper "China's National Defense in the New Era" is issued to expound on China's defensive national defense policy and explain the practice, purposes and significance of China's efforts to build a fortified national defense and a strong military, with a view to helping the international community better understand China's national defense, and to promote multinational cooperation and mutual trust.
《新时代的中国国防》白皮书分为前言、正文、结束语和附录四部分，共约2.7万字。正文包括国际安全形势、新时代中国防御性国防政策、履行新时代军队使命任务、改革中的中国国防和军队、合理适度的国防开支、积极服务构建人类命运共同体等六个章节。附录包括十个表格，主要介绍军委机关部门基本情况、中国国防费规模结构、2012年以来解放军和武警部队对外开展的主要联演联训活动、中国军队参加的主要联合国维和行动的情况。
The white paper consists of around 27,000 Chinese characters, including preface, main body, concluding remarks and appendices. The main body of the white paper is divided into six sections: the international security situation; China's defensive national policy in the new era; fulfilling the missions and tasks of China's armed forces in the new era; reform in China's national defense and armed forces; reasonable and appropriate defense expenditure; and actively contributing to building a community with a shared future for mankind. A total of ten tables are included in the appendices to introduce the functional organs of the Central Military Commission (CMC), the structure of China's defense expenditure, all major joint exercises and training by the PLA and PAP with foreign counterparts since 2012, and UN Peacekeeping Operations that the PLA have participated in, just to name a few.
《新时代的中国国防》白皮书的主要内容包括六个方面：
The main body of the white paper "China's National Defense in the New Era" consists of the following six aspects:
第一，客观分析当前的国际安全形势和中国安全环境。白皮书指出，当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，世界面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出，国际战略竞争呈上升之势，全球和地区性安全问题持续增多，国际军事竞争日趋激烈，天下并不太平。但是必须看到，促和平、求稳定、谋发展已成为国际社会的普遍诉求，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转。白皮书同时指出，中国国家安全形势总体稳定，但面临着多元复杂的安全威胁和挑战，特别是反分裂斗争形势更加严峻。
1. An objective analysis of the international and domestic security situation. The white paper notes that the world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. International strategic competition is on the rise, global and regional security issues are on the increase, and the global military competition is intensifying. The world is not yet at a tranquil place. Nevertheless, the pursuit of peace, stability and development has become a universal aspiration of the international community with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times. The white paper also points out that the national security situation of China remains generally stable, meanwhile China also faces diverse and complex security threats and challenges, especially when considering the acute fight against separatists.
第二，系统阐述新时代中国防御性国防政策。白皮书强调，坚决捍卫国家主权安全发展利益是新时代中国国防的根本目标。坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征，贯彻落实新时代军事战略方针是新时代中国国防的战略指导。坚持走中国特色强军之路是新时代中国国防的发展路径。服务构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国国防的世界意义。
2. As a systematic introduction to China's defensive national defense policy in the new era, the white paper stresses that resolutely safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests is the fundamental goal of China's national defense in the new era. Never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence is the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era. Meanwhile, implementing the military strategic guideline is the main objective for China's national defense in the new era. Continuing to strengthen the military in a Chinese way is the path forward for China's national defense in the new era. China's national defense is of global significance and serves to build a community with a shared future for mankind in a new era.
第三，全面介绍中国军队履行新时代使命任务的情况。白皮书明确中国军队新时代的使命任务是“四个战略支撑”，从维护国家领土主权和海洋权益、保持常备不懈的战备状态、开展实战化军事训练、维护重大安全领域利益、遂行反恐维稳、维护海外利益、参加抢险救灾等七个方面介绍中国武装力量的运用情况。
3. A comprehensive picture of fulfilling the mission and tasks of China's armed forces in the new era. The white paper clarifies the four strategic priorities of the mission of China's armed forces in the new era, which is to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and its socialist system; to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; to protect China's overseas interests; and to promote world peace and development. The implementation of China's armed forces is demonstrated through the following seven aspects including safeguarding national territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, maintaining combat readiness, carrying out military training in real combat conditions, safeguarding interests in major security fields, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, protecting China's overseas interests, and participating in disaster rescue and relief.
第四，全景式介绍深化国防和军队改革取得的历史性成就。白皮书系统介绍中国军队重塑领导指挥体制，优化规模结构和力量编成，推进军事政策制度改革的有关情况。全面介绍调整改革后的军兵种和武警部队基本情况，以及思想政治、军事理论、武器装备、后勤保障等国防和军队全面建设情况，展示改革后中国军队的崭新形象。
4. A comprehensive presentation about the historic achievements of reform in national defense and the armed forces. The white paper systematically presents China's armed forces' reform of its leadership and command system, its optimized size, structure and force composition, and the reform of military policies and institutions. It also introduces the reshuffled PLA and PAP troops, as well as the progress made in theoretical and political buildup, military theory, weaponry and equipment, logistics system, showing a brand-new model of China's armed forces after the reform.
第五，多维度介绍中国国防费情况。白皮书梳理了改革开放以来中国国防费的发展历程，全面介绍2012年以来中国国防费的规模结构和基本用途，体现出中国国防费的公开透明。此外，白皮书还对国防费进行国际比较，说明中国的国防开支是合理适度的。
5. A multi-dimensional briefing of China's defense expenditure. The white paper introduces the developing trend of China's defense expenditure since reform and opening-up, and thoroughly explains the scale, structure, and usage of China's defense expenditure since 2012, demonstrating its transparency. Besides, the white paper also includes a comparison of defense expenditure in the international context, justifying the reasonable and appropriate nature of China's defense expenditure.
第六，深入介绍中国军队维护世界和平稳定，服务构建人类命运共同体所做的积极努力和重大贡献。白皮书指出，构建人类命运共同体，顺应和平发展的时代潮流，反映各国人民的共同期待。白皮书从维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则，推动构建新型安全伙伴关系，推动构建地区安全合作架构，妥善处理领土问题和海洋划界争端，积极提供国际公共安全产品等五个方面进行了详细介绍。
6. An in-depth look into China's armed forces' efforts and their contribution to global peace and building a community with a shared future for mankind. The white paper says that building a community with a shared future for mankind conforms to the trends of the times for peaceful development, and reflects the common aspirations of all peoples throughout the world. China's armed forces' endeavor in this regard is manifested through their contribution in the following five aspects, including resolutely upholding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter; building a new-model of equal security partnership; mutual trust and win-win cooperation; building a regional security cooperation architecture; properly coping with disputes over territory and maritime demarcation; and actively providing international public security goods.
新版白皮书在继承传统的基础上进行了创新发展，与过去相比主要有以下特点：
Compared with the previous versions of white papers in this regard, today's white paper features the following innovations:
第一，首次构建新时代中国防御性国防政策体系。白皮书阐明，中国的社会主义国家性质，走和平发展道路的战略抉择，独立自主的和平外交政策，“和为贵”的中华文化传统，决定了中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策。白皮书通过丰富完善国防政策新的时代内涵，揭示了中国防御性国防政策的战略性、稳定性和系统性。
1. Establishing China's defensive national defense policy in the new era for the first time. The white paper notes that the socialist system of China, the strategic decision to follow the path of peaceful development, peace-led foreign policy and the best of cultural traditions – holding peace and harmony as fundamentals – determine that China will pursue a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. The white paper demonstrates the strategic, stable, and systematic nature of how this is implemented.
第二，首次阐述中国军队新时代的使命任务。白皮书明确阐述中国军队新时代使命任务为“四个战略支撑”，即：为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度提供战略支撑；为捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整提供战略支撑；为维护国家海外利益提供战略支撑；为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑。白皮书通过介绍中国军队履行新时代使命任务的具体实践，阐明武装力量建设运用的防御性、正义性、有限性。
2. Putting forward the missions of China's armed forces in the new era for the first time. In the new era, to meet the strategic demands of national security and development, China's armed forces firmly implement the missions and tasks entrusted by the CPC and the people. They endeavor to provide strategic support for consolidating the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, safeguard national sovereignty, provide unity and territorial integrity, protect China's overseas interests, and promote world peace and development. By introducing the missions and practices of China's armed forces, the white paper justifies the defensive, rightful, and limited implementation of China's armed forces.
第三，首次指出“永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围”是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征。白皮书重申我国国防自卫防御的本质属性，强调中国的国防建设和发展，始终着眼于满足自身安全的正当需要，始终是世界和平力量的增长。白皮书通过政策宣示，深刻揭示中国决不走追逐霸权、“国强必霸”的老路，无论将来发展到哪一步，中国都不会威胁谁，都不会谋求建立势力范围。
3. Pointing out "never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence" as the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era, the development of China's national defense aims to meet its rightful security needs and contribute to the growth of the world's peaceful forces. By policy-based declaration, the white paper shows China's determination of never seeking hegemony, posing threats, nor setting spheres of influence regardless of China's future development.
第四，首次提出服务构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国国防的世界意义。白皮书深刻揭示中国梦与世界梦、中国国防和军队建设同世界和平稳定的内在必然联系。强调中国军队的发展壮大，不仅为中国梦提供战略支撑，同时也是世界和平稳定的强大正能量。
4. Putting forward for the first time the building of a community with a shared future for mankind to be the global significance of China's national defense in the new era. The white paper explains the internal connections between Chinese dream and the global dream, as well as between China's national defense, its military development and global peace and stability. The white paper reinforces that the development of China's armed forces will not only provide strategic support for the Chinese dream, but also provide powerful positive energy for global peace and stability.
第五，首次全景式展现深化国防和军队改革取得的历史性成就。白皮书系统呈现中国军队进入新时代以来，深入贯彻习近平强军思想，坚持走中国特色强军之路，全面深化国防和军队改革的情况。通过公布改革的时间表、路线图、成绩单，深刻揭示中国军队迈出构建中国特色军事力量体系的历史性步伐，展现人民军队新的体制、结构、格局和面貌。
5. Giving an all-round presentation of the historic achievements of deepening reform in national defense and armed forces. The white paper systematically presents the progress of deepening reform in national defense and armed forces in all respects, and in doing so demonstrates the implementation of Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, and the commitment to building a strong military with Chinese characteristics. By providing a schedule, structure and results of our reforms, the white paper presents a brand-new system and outlook for the Chinese armed forces, showing their effort in building a strong military with Chinese characteristics.
第六，首次将国防费位居世界前列的国家进行国际比较。白皮书从国防费占国内生产总值比重，国防费占财政支出比重和人均国防费水平等三个维度，比较2017年国防费位居世界前列国家的有关情况，有力说明中国国防费增长是合理适度的，开支水平是偏低的。白皮书强调，中国国防开支与维护国家主权、安全、发展利益的保障需求相比，与履行大国责任义务的保障需求相比，与自身建设发展的保障需求相比还有较大差距，将继续保持适度稳定增长。
6. We make a comparison of defense expenditure in the international context for the first time. By conducting comparison in the fields of defense expenditure's share in GDP, its ratio of spending to government expenditure, and China's per capita defense expenditure, the white paper justifies the reasonable growth and relatively low spending of China's defense expenditure, compared to other major counties in this regard in 2017. Meanwhile the white paper also notes that there is still a wide gap between China's defense expenditure and the requirements for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests; for fulfilling China's international responsibilities and obligations as a major country; and for China's development.
以上是我的介绍，下面我和我的同事愿意回答各位记者朋友的提问。
That's all about the introduction to the white paper. Now the floor is open for questions, and please identify your news agency before questions.
